Antiquities official · Archaeologist · Scholar · Cataloguer

Hector Catling

Hector William Catling

1924–2013 · United Kingdom

British archaeologist who founded and headed Cyprus's Archaeological Survey Branch in 1955, built the Ashmolean's Cypriot collection and spent decades publishing the Kouklia tombs.

Hector Catling

Biography

In 1955 the Director of Antiquities, A. H. S. Megaw, set up an Archaeological Survey Branch inside the Department of Antiquities and made Hector Catling its head, with Kyriakos Nicolaou as assistant and a team of technicians2. Catling was born on 26 June 19249. He first came to Cyprus in 1951 with Joan du Plat Taylor's mission to Myrtou-Pigadhes, and with his wife Elizabeth spent the next two years visiting sites, registering them from the Department's archives and reporting new surface finds2. Thomas Kiely calls him one of Taylor's major protégés, working at Pigadhes while he researched his doctorate4. The 1953 annual report of archaeology in Cyprus notes painted amphora fragments he collected at Kokkinokremmos10.

The Survey Branch

The first campaign of 1955 covered about 100 square miles around Cape Krommyon and located some 400 sites, two-thirds of them previously unrecorded11. The security situation of 1956 stopped field work, but indexing of sites from publications and museum records went on12. In 1957 the team, joined by Nicolaou, resumed in the western Kyrenia coastal strip13. Catling left Cyprus in 1959 and Nicolaou continued the Survey14. Robert Merrillees counts him, with Megaw, as one of only two expatriates the Department employed after the war3; in his own account he describes himself as a Temporary Officer in 1958-591. Vassos Karageorghis shared an office with him in the Cyprus Museum for nearly five years2.

Merrillees singles out Catling's gazetteer "Patterns of settlement in Bronze Age Cyprus" (Opuscula Atheniensia IV) as a permanent reference that fixed standard place names3. His book Cypriot Bronzework in the Mycenaean World (Oxford, 1964) grew from his doctorate; Merrillees calls it his magnum opus and Karageorghis counts it still a reference work2,3. Merrillees describes his 1966 chapter on Cyprus in the Neolithic and Bronze Age for the Cambridge Ancient History as comprehensive, balanced and sober, and says Catling doubted Aegean colonies in the fourteenth and thirteenth centuries and thought the equation of Cyprus with Alashiya unproven3.

The Ashmolean

In 1960 Catling became Assistant Keeper of Antiquities at the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford4. Kiely records that the Department permitted him to export some 3500 provenanced sherds and other items from the Survey, ranging from the Neolithic to the Roman period, which gave the Ashmolean the largest study collection of provenanced Cypriot sherds outside the island. He also created the Myres Gallery of Ancient Cyprus4. Karageorghis says one of his first acts was a drastic renovation of the displays2. With Ann Brown he wrote the museum guide Ancient Cyprus (1975; second edition 1986) and, in 1980, "Additions to the Cypriot collections in the Ashmolean Museum, 1963-77"4. Kiely also notes the gifts and bequests that James Bomford made to the collection4.

Catling himself gave the Ashmolean small pieces from the 1950s onward. The museum's records carry the credit line "Presented by Doctor Hector W. Catling" on a White Painted jug fragment from Denia-Mali (AN1953.822)5, a chert blade from Tersephanou near Larnaca (AN1953.1249.c)6, a Byzantine rim sherd from Diorios (AN1958.782)7 and a Hellenistic terracotta relief plaque from Pyla-Vikla (AN1960.649)8. He also published the Early Byzantine pottery factory at Dhiorios in Levant in 197219.

The Kouklia tombs

In 1952 Catling helped G. R. H. Wright draft the preliminary report on the Evreti tombs III-XI at Kouklia, and in 1958 Terence Mitford invited him to study and publish all the tombs of the Liverpool and St Andrews expedition to Palaepaphos1. The work ran in four phases: autumn 1958 to spring 1959, then 1966 to 1969 with Leverhulme, St Andrews and British Academy grants, and finally 2007 to 2013 with grants from the Institute for Aegean Prehistory1. Merrillees reports that a dispute over publication rights frustrated a funded sabbatical in 1966 or 1967, and that Catling held Ethel Hunter responsible3. Catling's own text, written in January 2013, names himself as chiefly responsible for the decades of delay1.

Athens and the end

In 1971 he left Oxford to become Director of the British School at Athens, a post he held until 19891. His Cyprus visits dwindled; the last was in 1985, when he presented "Cypriot Bronzework - East or West?" at the Nicosia symposium Cyprus between the Orient and Occident3. He had worked on the North Cemetery at Knossos with J. Nicolas Coldstream2. Heart failure from Christmas 2009 slowed his work on Kouklia, and on 24 January 2013 he dictated a last letter to Karageorghis2. He died at Langford, near Oxford, on 15 February 20132. His son Richard Catling edited the Kouklia volumes, which BAR Publishing issued in 2020 as Kouklia. Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age Tombs at Palaepaphos 1951-19541.

Life and work

  1. 1951
    Arrived in Cyprus with Joan du Plat Taylor's mission to Myrtou-Pigadhes; with his wife Elizabeth visited many sites over two years, registering sites from the Department's archives and reporting new surface finds to it.

    CyprusKarageorghis 2012, p. 9

  2. 1952
    Helped G. R. H. Wright draft the preliminary report on the Kouklia-Evreti tombs III-XI, assisted by Angeliki Pieridou of the Department.

    KoukliaCatling 2020

  3. 1953
    Presented sherds and a lithic to the Ashmolean (AN1953.822 from Denia-Mali; AN1953.1249.c from Tersephanou, Arpera).

    OxfordMuseumMuseum

  4. 1955
    Megaw established an Archaeological Survey Branch in the Department of Antiquities and made Catling its head, with Kyriakos Nicolaou as assistant and technicians; first campaign covered c. 100 square miles around Cape Krommyon and located about 400 sites, two-thirds previously unrecorded.

    CyprusKarageorghis 2012, p. 9Megaw 1955

  5. 1956
    Internal security situation prevented him pressing on with field work; indexing of sites from publications and museum records continued.

    CyprusMegaw 1956

  6. 1957
    The survey team, joined by K. Nicolaou, resumed field work in the western Kyrenia coastal strip.

    KyreniaMegaw 1957

  7. 1958
    Mitford invited him to study and publish all the British Expedition's Kouklia tombs; autumn 1958 to spring 1959 first full work period, with Megaw approving local leave for Kouklia.

    KoukliaCatling 2020

  8. 1959
    Left Cyprus; K. Nicolaou continued the Survey.

    CyprusDikaios 1962

  9. 1960
    Appointed Assistant Keeper of Antiquities at the Ashmolean; the Department permitted him to export some 3500 provenanced survey sherds and other items (Neolithic to Roman), giving the Ashmolean the largest study collection of provenanced Cypriot sherds outside the island; he also created the Myres Gallery of Ancient Cyprus.

    OxfordKiely 2017

  10. 1964
    Cypriot Bronzework in the Mycenaean World (Oxford), from his doctoral research; Merrillees calls it his magnum opus.

    OxfordKarageorghis 2012, p. 9Merrillees 2012, p. 12

  11. 1966–1967
    A funded sabbatical for Kouklia study was frustrated by a dispute over publication rights (Merrillees's account); Hamilton, Keeper, had approved sabbatical leave and Catling worked at Kouklia 1966-69 with Leverhulme, St Andrews and British Academy grants.

    OxfordMerrillees 2012, p. 13Catling 2020

  12. 1971
    Left Oxford to become Director of the British School at Athens (to 1989).

    AthensCatling 2020

  13. 1975
    Ancient Cyprus, the Ashmolean's Cypriot collection guide, with Ann Brown (2nd ed. 1986); with Brown also the 1980 'Additions to the Cypriot collections in the Ashmolean Museum, 1963-77' (Opuscula Atheniensia XIII).

    OxfordKiely 2017

  14. 1985
    Last visit to Cyprus, presenting 'Cypriot Bronzework - East or West?' at the Nicosia symposium 'Cyprus between the Orient and Occident'.

    NicosiaMerrillees 2012, p. 11

  15. 2007–2013
    Fourth and last phase of work on the Kouklia tombs with Institute for Aegean Prehistory grants; heart failure from Christmas 2009 slowed him; dictated last letter to Karageorghis 24 January 2013.

    OxfordCatling 2020Karageorghis 2012, p. 10

  16. 15 February 2013
    Died at Langford near Oxford; his son Richard Catling, academic executor, edited the Kouklia volumes (BAR, 2020).

    LangfordKarageorghis 2012, p. 9Catling 2020

Connections

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Also: Andreas I. Dikigoropoulos, Anna Morpurgo Davies, Dan Barag, Dora Hadjisteliou, Dorothy Slow, Elizabeth Bollen, Ethel M. Hunter, Geoffrey Rickman, Ingo Pini, Jack L. Benson, James Bomford, John Davies, Lena Söderhjelm, Michael Turner, Pat Clarke, Revel Coles, Robert Stuart Merrillees, Rowan Conroy, William Bell.

Objects

  • White Painted jug, neck handle and shoulder fragment (MC II-III potsherd), 9.7 cm

    From Denia-MaliAshmolean Museum, Oxford AN1953.8221953Museum

  • Chert blade or scraper, uncertain date (surface find)

    From Tersephanou, Arpera Chiftlik, LarnacaAshmolean Museum, Oxford AN1953.1249.c1953Museum

  • Plain Ware potsherd, rim fragment, Byzantine

    From Diorios, KyreniaAshmolean Museum, Oxford AN1958.7821958Museum

  • Terracotta relief plaque of draped female figure with bead-moulding frame, Hellenistic, 12 x 6.5 cm

    From Pyla-ViklaAshmolean Museum, Oxford AN1960.6491960Museum

Discussed in documents

Also named in

On Ancient Cyprus

21 pages

Sources

  1. 1.H. W. Catling (2020). Kouklia: Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age Tombs at Palaepaphos 1951-1954. Oxford, BAR Publishing.
  2. 2.V. Karageorghis (2012). “In memoriam Hector Catling (1924-2013). A Stylobate of Cypriote Archaeology”. Cahiers du Centre d'Études Chypriotes 42, 9-10. Online
  3. 3.R. S. Merrillees (2012). “Hector William Catling (1924-2013). A Personal Tribute”. Cahiers du Centre d'Études Chypriotes 42, 11-14. Online
  4. 4.T. Kiely (2017). “Britain and the archaeology of Cyprus II: 1914 to the present day”. Cahiers du Centre d'Études Chypriotes 47, 253-310. Online
  5. 5.Ashmolean Museum. “White Painted jug, neck handle and shoulder fragment, potsherd (AN1953.822)”. Ashmolean Museum online collection. Online
  6. 6.Ashmolean Museum. “Blade or scraper or chert (AN1953.1249.c)”. Ashmolean Museum online collection. Online
  7. 7.Ashmolean Museum. “Plain Ware potsherd, rim fragment (AN1958.782)”. Ashmolean Museum online collection. Online
  8. 8.Ashmolean Museum. “Terracotta relief plaque of draped female figure (AN1960.649)”. Ashmolean Museum online collection. Online
  9. 9.“Hector Catling”. Wikipedia. Online
  10. 10.A. H. S. Megaw (1954). “Archaeology in Cyprus, 1953”. Journal of Hellenic Studies 74. Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies.
  11. 11.A. H. S. Megaw (1955). “Archaeology in Cyprus, 1955”. Archaeological Reports 2, 41-46. Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies.
  12. 12.A. H. S. Megaw (1956). “Archaeology in Cyprus, 1956”. Archaeological Reports 3, 24-31. Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies.
  13. 13.A. H. S. Megaw (1957). “Archaeology in Cyprus, 1957”. Archaeological Reports 4, 43-50. Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies.
  14. 14.P. Dikaios (1962). “Archaeology in Cyprus, 1959-61”. Archaeological Reports 8, 32-46. Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies. Online
  15. 15.Judy Powell (2013). Love's Obsession: The Lives and Archaeology of Jim and Eve Stewart. Kent Town, South Australia, Wakefield Press.
  16. 16.H. W. Catling (1962). “Patterns of settlement in Bronze Age Cyprus”. Opuscula Atheniensia 4, 129-169.
  17. 17.H. W. Catling (1964). Cypriot Bronzework in the Mycenaean World. Oxford, Clarendon Press.
  18. 18.H. W. Catling (1966). “Cyprus in the Neolithic and Bronze Age periods”. The Cambridge Ancient History. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
  19. 19.H. W. Catling (1972). “An Early Byzantine pottery factory at Dhiorios in Cyprus”. Levant 4, 1-82.
  20. 20.H. W. Catling (1971). “A Cypriot Bronze Statuette in the Bomford Collection”. Alasia I, 15-32. Paris.
  21. 21.A. C. Brown, H. W. Catling (1975). Ancient Cyprus. Oxford, Ashmolean Museum.
  22. 22.A. Brown, H. Catling (1980). “Additions to the Cypriot Collection in the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, 1963-77”. Opuscula Atheniensia 13, 91-137.
  23. 23.H. W. Catling (2006). “Arthur Hubert Stanley (Peter) Megaw, 1910-2006”. Cahiers du Centre d'Études Chypriotes 36. Online
  24. 24.H. W. Catling (2009). “Review of V. Karageorghis, A Lifetime in the Archaeology of Cyprus (2007)”. Cahiers du Centre d'Études Chypriotes 39.
  25. 25.H. W. Catling, V. Karageorghis (1960). “Minoika in Cyprus”. Annual of the British School at Athens 55, 109-127.