Antiquities official · Archaeologist · Scholar · Cataloguer
Hector Catling
Hector William Catling
1924–2013 · United Kingdom
British archaeologist who founded and headed Cyprus's Archaeological Survey Branch in 1955, built the Ashmolean's Cypriot collection and spent decades publishing the Kouklia tombs.

Biography
In 1955 the Director of Antiquities, A. H. S. Megaw, set up an Archaeological Survey Branch inside the Department of Antiquities and made Hector Catling its head, with Kyriakos Nicolaou as assistant and a team of technicians2. Catling was born on 26 June 19249. He first came to Cyprus in 1951 with Joan du Plat Taylor's mission to Myrtou-Pigadhes, and with his wife Elizabeth spent the next two years visiting sites, registering them from the Department's archives and reporting new surface finds2. Thomas Kiely calls him one of Taylor's major protégés, working at Pigadhes while he researched his doctorate4. The 1953 annual report of archaeology in Cyprus notes painted amphora fragments he collected at Kokkinokremmos10.
The Survey Branch
The first campaign of 1955 covered about 100 square miles around Cape Krommyon and located some 400 sites, two-thirds of them previously unrecorded11. The security situation of 1956 stopped field work, but indexing of sites from publications and museum records went on12. In 1957 the team, joined by Nicolaou, resumed in the western Kyrenia coastal strip13. Catling left Cyprus in 1959 and Nicolaou continued the Survey14. Robert Merrillees counts him, with Megaw, as one of only two expatriates the Department employed after the war3; in his own account he describes himself as a Temporary Officer in 1958-591. Vassos Karageorghis shared an office with him in the Cyprus Museum for nearly five years2.
Merrillees singles out Catling's gazetteer "Patterns of settlement in Bronze Age Cyprus" (Opuscula Atheniensia IV) as a permanent reference that fixed standard place names3. His book Cypriot Bronzework in the Mycenaean World (Oxford, 1964) grew from his doctorate; Merrillees calls it his magnum opus and Karageorghis counts it still a reference work2,3. Merrillees describes his 1966 chapter on Cyprus in the Neolithic and Bronze Age for the Cambridge Ancient History as comprehensive, balanced and sober, and says Catling doubted Aegean colonies in the fourteenth and thirteenth centuries and thought the equation of Cyprus with Alashiya unproven3.
The Ashmolean
In 1960 Catling became Assistant Keeper of Antiquities at the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford4. Kiely records that the Department permitted him to export some 3500 provenanced sherds and other items from the Survey, ranging from the Neolithic to the Roman period, which gave the Ashmolean the largest study collection of provenanced Cypriot sherds outside the island. He also created the Myres Gallery of Ancient Cyprus4. Karageorghis says one of his first acts was a drastic renovation of the displays2. With Ann Brown he wrote the museum guide Ancient Cyprus (1975; second edition 1986) and, in 1980, "Additions to the Cypriot collections in the Ashmolean Museum, 1963-77"4. Kiely also notes the gifts and bequests that James Bomford made to the collection4.
Catling himself gave the Ashmolean small pieces from the 1950s onward. The museum's records carry the credit line "Presented by Doctor Hector W. Catling" on a White Painted jug fragment from Denia-Mali (AN1953.822)5, a chert blade from Tersephanou near Larnaca (AN1953.1249.c)6, a Byzantine rim sherd from Diorios (AN1958.782)7 and a Hellenistic terracotta relief plaque from Pyla-Vikla (AN1960.649)8. He also published the Early Byzantine pottery factory at Dhiorios in Levant in 197219.
The Kouklia tombs
In 1952 Catling helped G. R. H. Wright draft the preliminary report on the Evreti tombs III-XI at Kouklia, and in 1958 Terence Mitford invited him to study and publish all the tombs of the Liverpool and St Andrews expedition to Palaepaphos1. The work ran in four phases: autumn 1958 to spring 1959, then 1966 to 1969 with Leverhulme, St Andrews and British Academy grants, and finally 2007 to 2013 with grants from the Institute for Aegean Prehistory1. Merrillees reports that a dispute over publication rights frustrated a funded sabbatical in 1966 or 1967, and that Catling held Ethel Hunter responsible3. Catling's own text, written in January 2013, names himself as chiefly responsible for the decades of delay1.
Athens and the end
In 1971 he left Oxford to become Director of the British School at Athens, a post he held until 19891. His Cyprus visits dwindled; the last was in 1985, when he presented "Cypriot Bronzework - East or West?" at the Nicosia symposium Cyprus between the Orient and Occident3. He had worked on the North Cemetery at Knossos with J. Nicolas Coldstream2. Heart failure from Christmas 2009 slowed his work on Kouklia, and on 24 January 2013 he dictated a last letter to Karageorghis2. He died at Langford, near Oxford, on 15 February 20132. His son Richard Catling edited the Kouklia volumes, which BAR Publishing issued in 2020 as Kouklia. Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age Tombs at Palaepaphos 1951-19541.
Life and work
- 1951Arrived in Cyprus with Joan du Plat Taylor's mission to Myrtou-Pigadhes; with his wife Elizabeth visited many sites over two years, registering sites from the Department's archives and reporting new surface finds to it.
CyprusKarageorghis 2012, p. 9
- 1952Helped G. R. H. Wright draft the preliminary report on the Kouklia-Evreti tombs III-XI, assisted by Angeliki Pieridou of the Department.
KoukliaCatling 2020
- 1953
- 1955Megaw established an Archaeological Survey Branch in the Department of Antiquities and made Catling its head, with Kyriakos Nicolaou as assistant and technicians; first campaign covered c. 100 square miles around Cape Krommyon and located about 400 sites, two-thirds previously unrecorded.
- 1956Internal security situation prevented him pressing on with field work; indexing of sites from publications and museum records continued.
CyprusMegaw 1956
- 1957The survey team, joined by K. Nicolaou, resumed field work in the western Kyrenia coastal strip.
KyreniaMegaw 1957
- 1958Mitford invited him to study and publish all the British Expedition's Kouklia tombs; autumn 1958 to spring 1959 first full work period, with Megaw approving local leave for Kouklia.
KoukliaCatling 2020
- 1959Left Cyprus; K. Nicolaou continued the Survey.
CyprusDikaios 1962
- 1960Appointed Assistant Keeper of Antiquities at the Ashmolean; the Department permitted him to export some 3500 provenanced survey sherds and other items (Neolithic to Roman), giving the Ashmolean the largest study collection of provenanced Cypriot sherds outside the island; he also created the Myres Gallery of Ancient Cyprus.
OxfordKiely 2017
- 1964Cypriot Bronzework in the Mycenaean World (Oxford), from his doctoral research; Merrillees calls it his magnum opus.
- 1966–1967A funded sabbatical for Kouklia study was frustrated by a dispute over publication rights (Merrillees's account); Hamilton, Keeper, had approved sabbatical leave and Catling worked at Kouklia 1966-69 with Leverhulme, St Andrews and British Academy grants.
- 1971Left Oxford to become Director of the British School at Athens (to 1989).
AthensCatling 2020
- 1975Ancient Cyprus, the Ashmolean's Cypriot collection guide, with Ann Brown (2nd ed. 1986); with Brown also the 1980 'Additions to the Cypriot collections in the Ashmolean Museum, 1963-77' (Opuscula Atheniensia XIII).
OxfordKiely 2017
- 1985Last visit to Cyprus, presenting 'Cypriot Bronzework - East or West?' at the Nicosia symposium 'Cyprus between the Orient and Occident'.
NicosiaMerrillees 2012, p. 11
- 2007–2013Fourth and last phase of work on the Kouklia tombs with Institute for Aegean Prehistory grants; heart failure from Christmas 2009 slowed him; dictated last letter to Karageorghis 24 January 2013.
- 15 February 2013Died at Langford near Oxford; his son Richard Catling, academic executor, edited the Kouklia volumes (BAR, 2020).
Connections
68 peopleSales, gifts & bequests
- Financed by Malcolm H. Wiener2007–2013
Family
- Married to Elizabeth Catling1948–2000
- Left property to Richard W. V. Catling2013
- Parent of Richard W. V. Catling
Fieldwork & employment
- Employed by Arthur Hubert Stanley Megaw1955–1959
- Guided by Constable Neophytos Koupatos1955
- Employed Kyriakos Nicolaou1955–1959
- Employed by R. W. Hamilton1966–1967
- Employed Sheila Ravenprobably2007
- Excavated with J. Nicolas Coldstream
Disputes & the law
- Rival of Ethel M. Hunterpossibly
Scholarship
- Student of Joan du Plat Taylor1951
- Material published by Briggs Buchanan1952
- Wrote with Joan du Plat Taylor1957
- Published material of Terence Bruce Mitford1958
- Wrote with Vassos Karageorghis1959
- Corresponded with Franz Georg Maier1966
- Wrote with Roger Moorey1966
- Teacher of Joost Crouwel1968–1971
- Wrote with Andreas I. Dikigoropoulos1970
- Wrote with Ann Brown1975–1980
- Wrote with R. E. Jones1978–1986
- Wrote with A. M. Pollard1986
- Wrote with C. B. Mee1986
- Wrote with John Boardman1986
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- Material published by Mélanie Steiner2007–2013
- Wrote with Lindy Crewe2008
- Material published by Helen Hughes-Brock2013–2020
- Wrote with Briggs Buchanan2020
- Wrote with Helen Hughes-Brock2020
- Wrote with James Y. MacDonald2020
- Wrote with Richard W. V. Catling2020
- Material published by Richard W. V. Catling2020
- Corresponded with Arthur Dale Trendall
- Published material of James Bomford
Colleagues & contacts
- Connected with Elektra Megawpossibly1950
- Worked with Basil Hennessy1951–2013
- Worked with Angeliki Pieridou1952
- Worked with George Roy Haslam Wright1952
- Worked with James Y. MacDonald1952
- Worked with Vassos Karageorghis1952–1973
- Worked with Kyriakos Nicolaou1957–1967
- Worked with George Ioannouprobably1958–1959
- Connected with John Henry (Harry) Iliffe1958–1983
- Connected with Terence Bruce Mitford1958
- Worked with Arthur Hubert Stanley Megaw1959
- Preceded Kyriakos Nicolaou1959–1960
- Succeeded by Kyriakos Nicolaou1959
- Worked with Elias Markou1966–1968
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- Connected with George Cyril Griffith Williams1966–2020
- Worked with Nicholas Thomasprobably1966–1969
- Worked with Anna Rickman1967–1969
- Worked with Antonios Orphanou1967
- Worked with Chrysilios Polykarpou1967
- Worked with George Markou1967
- Worked with Grigoris Christou1967
- Worked with Ino (Ioanna) Nicolaou1967
- Worked with Margaret Mitford1967–1969
- Worked with V. E. G. Kenna1968
- Connected with Costakis Severis1973
- Connected with Desmond Morris1985
- Worked with Penelope Mountjoy2007–2020
- Worked with Helen Hatcher2010–2013
- Worked with Alexander Cambitogloupossibly2020
- Worked with Alison K. South2020
Also: Andreas I. Dikigoropoulos, Anna Morpurgo Davies, Dan Barag, Dora Hadjisteliou, Dorothy Slow, Elizabeth Bollen, Ethel M. Hunter, Geoffrey Rickman, Ingo Pini, Jack L. Benson, James Bomford, John Davies, Lena Söderhjelm, Michael Turner, Pat Clarke, Revel Coles, Robert Stuart Merrillees, Rowan Conroy, William Bell.
Objects
White Painted jug, neck handle and shoulder fragment (MC II-III potsherd), 9.7 cm
From Denia-MaliAshmolean Museum, Oxford AN1953.8221953Museum
Chert blade or scraper, uncertain date (surface find)
From Tersephanou, Arpera Chiftlik, LarnacaAshmolean Museum, Oxford AN1953.1249.c1953Museum
Plain Ware potsherd, rim fragment, Byzantine
From Diorios, KyreniaAshmolean Museum, Oxford AN1958.7821958Museum
Terracotta relief plaque of draped female figure with bead-moulding frame, Hellenistic, 12 x 6.5 cm
From Pyla-ViklaAshmolean Museum, Oxford AN1960.6491960Museum
Discussed in documents
- Karageorghis (1960). Chronique des fouilles et découvertes archéologiques à Chypre en 1959Conducted soundings and surveys
- Karageorghis (1969). The Ancient Civilization of CyprusDirected the archaeological survey
- Snodgrass (1971). The Dark Age of Greece: An archaeological survey of the eleventh to the eighth centuries BCCypriot daggers and ironwork discussed
- Overbeck and Swiny (1972). Two Cypriot Bronze Age Sites at Kafkallia (Dhali)Cited on sites and axes
- Birmingham (1973). The Cypriot Bronze Age: Some Recent Australian Contributions to the Prehistory of CyprusSurveyed Bronze Age sites in Cyprus
- Buchholz and Karageorghis (1973). Prehistoric Greece and Cyprus: An Archaeological HandbookStudied Cypriot bronzework
- Merrillees (1973). The Cypriot Bronze AgeSurveyed Cypriot Bronze Age sites
- Merrillees (1973). Settlement, sanctuary and cemetery in Bronze Age CyprusCompiled a Bronze Age site catalogue
- Frankel (1974). Middle Cypriot White Painted Pottery: An Analytical Study of the DecorationAssociated with Survey and Ashmolean material
- Holmes (1975). The Foreign Trade of Cyprus during the Late Bronze AgeDiscusses pottery production and metal imports
- Karageorghis (1976). View from the Bronze Age: Mycenaean and Phoenician Discoveries at KitionPublished the Oxford statuette
- Waldbaum (1978). From Bronze to Iron: The Transition from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age in the Eastern MediterraneanInterpreted Cypriot smiths' hoards
- Schiavo et al. (1985). Late Cypriot Imports to Italy and their Influence on Local BronzeworkStudied Cypriot bronzework and tripod-stands
- Karageorghis (1989). A Late Bronze Age mould from Hala Sultan TekkéWrote on stand figures and casting
- Burdajewicz (1990). The Aegean Sea Peoples and Religious Architecture in the Eastern Mediterranean at the Close of the Late Bronze AgeProposes a cult function for the Enkomi Tower
- Crouwel (1991). Mycenaean Pictorial Pottery from Cyprus in OxfordCollected the surface material
- Fortenberry (1991). Single greaves in the Late Helladic periodStudied the Enkomi greaves
- Immerwahr (1993). The Mycenaean Pictorial Style 50 years laterStudied Pictorial pottery and its fabric
- Keswani (1993). Models of local exchange in Late Bronze Age CyprusProposed a tripartite settlement system
- Fortin (1995). A Cluster of Middle Cypriot III to Late Cypriot I Fortified Sites on the Ayios Sozomenos PlateauSurveyed the plateau sites in the 1950s
- Cayla (1996). À propos de Kouklia-Paphos, site de XylinosPlanned publication of British mission tombs
- Webb and Frankel (1999). Characterizing the Philia Facies: Material Culture, Chronology, and the Origin of the Bronze Age in CyprusRecorded site distributions and pottery
- Buchholz and Matthäus (2003). Zyprische Bronzeschalen der geometrischen und archaischen Periode. Eine Studie zu Typologie, Chronologie, Epigraphik und kultureller Außenwirkung zyprischen Metallhandwerks des frühen ersten Jahrtausends v. Chr.Discussed Aegean-Cypriot contacts and finds
- Negbi (2005). Urbanism on Late Bronze Age Cyprus: LC II in retrospectStudied Cypriot bronzework
- Fourrier (2008). Légendes de fondation et hellénisation de Chypre. Parcours historiographiqueEmphasised cultural amalgamation and continuity
- Killian (2008). Hellenistic, Roman, and Medieval PhlamoudhiSurveyed the region in the 1950s
- Crewe (2009). Feasting with the dead? Tomb 66 at EnkomiDated and classified metal finds
- Knapp (2009). Representations: Female figurines and social identity on protohistoric CyprusInterprets the Bomford statuette
- Gagné (2012). Middle Cypriot White Painted Ware: A Study of Pottery Production and Distribution in Middle Bronze Age CyprusSurveyed sites and collected sherds
- Knapp (2013). Revolution within evolution: the emergence of a 'secondary state' on protohistoric Bronze Age CyprusAdvocates careful identification of imports
- Papasavvas (2013). Cypriot metalwork of the Late Bronze AgeProposed a votive use for miniature ingots
- Steel (2013). Cyprus during the Late Bronze AgeProposes a settlement hierarchy
- Satraki (2019). Alambra: From "A Middle Bronze Age Settlement in Cyprus" to a Royal DistrictSurveyed the Yialias valley
- Steel (2023). Transforming landscapes: Exploring the creation of a sacred landscape in north-east Cyprus at the beginning of the Late Bronze AgeFirst identified Vounari as an isolated fort
Also named in
- Russell. A Middle Cypriot jug from Kommos, Crete
- Megaw (1953). Archaeology in Cyprus, 1952
- Negbi (1972). Contacts between Byblos and Cyprus at the end of the third millennium B.C.
- Bolger (1991). Early Red Polished Ware and the origin of the 'Philia Culture'
- Hadjichristophi (2004). Topographie du centre de Chypre au cours de l'Antiquité tardive
- Andreou (2019). Gray economics in Late Bronze Age Cyprus
On Ancient Cyprus
21 pages- A Cypriot Jar in the Mycenaean StyleArticle
- Bernard Knapp and the Cyprus He Keeps RewritingArticle
- Mycenaean Pots and the End of the Bronze AgeArticle
- The Bull Was a Newcomer: A Two-Headed Bronze Age Vase from CyprusArticle
- The Judge, the Escape, and a Chocolate Box of Six-Thousand-Year-Old SherdsArticle
- Walls and WarArticle
- Agios SozomenosSite
- AlambraSite
- Arms and Armour of Iron Age CyprusCompendium
- Baskets and Basket-Handled VesselsCompendium
- Combed WareCompendium
- Copper Metallurgy in Ancient CyprusCompendium
- Earthquakes in Ancient CyprusCompendium
- Mycenaean Imports and Local ImitationsCompendium
- Neolithic CyprusCompendium
- Pottery Kilns and Firing in Ancient CyprusCompendium
- Triple Crossing LinesCompendium
- Village Life in Early Bronze Age CyprusCompendium
- Village Life in Late Bronze Age CyprusCompendium
- Weapons of Bronze Age CyprusCompendium
- White Painted Wheelmade WareCompendium
Sources
- 1.H. W. Catling (2020). Kouklia: Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age Tombs at Palaepaphos 1951-1954. Oxford, BAR Publishing.
- 2.V. Karageorghis (2012). “In memoriam Hector Catling (1924-2013). A Stylobate of Cypriote Archaeology”. Cahiers du Centre d'Études Chypriotes 42, 9-10. Online
- 3.R. S. Merrillees (2012). “Hector William Catling (1924-2013). A Personal Tribute”. Cahiers du Centre d'Études Chypriotes 42, 11-14. Online
- 4.T. Kiely (2017). “Britain and the archaeology of Cyprus II: 1914 to the present day”. Cahiers du Centre d'Études Chypriotes 47, 253-310. Online
- 5.Ashmolean Museum. “White Painted jug, neck handle and shoulder fragment, potsherd (AN1953.822)”. Ashmolean Museum online collection. Online
- 6.Ashmolean Museum. “Blade or scraper or chert (AN1953.1249.c)”. Ashmolean Museum online collection. Online
- 7.Ashmolean Museum. “Plain Ware potsherd, rim fragment (AN1958.782)”. Ashmolean Museum online collection. Online
- 8.Ashmolean Museum. “Terracotta relief plaque of draped female figure (AN1960.649)”. Ashmolean Museum online collection. Online
- 9.“Hector Catling”. Wikipedia. Online
- 10.A. H. S. Megaw (1954). “Archaeology in Cyprus, 1953”. Journal of Hellenic Studies 74. Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies.
- 11.A. H. S. Megaw (1955). “Archaeology in Cyprus, 1955”. Archaeological Reports 2, 41-46. Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies.
- 12.A. H. S. Megaw (1956). “Archaeology in Cyprus, 1956”. Archaeological Reports 3, 24-31. Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies.
- 13.A. H. S. Megaw (1957). “Archaeology in Cyprus, 1957”. Archaeological Reports 4, 43-50. Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies.
- 14.P. Dikaios (1962). “Archaeology in Cyprus, 1959-61”. Archaeological Reports 8, 32-46. Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies. Online
- 15.Judy Powell (2013). Love's Obsession: The Lives and Archaeology of Jim and Eve Stewart. Kent Town, South Australia, Wakefield Press.
- 16.H. W. Catling (1962). “Patterns of settlement in Bronze Age Cyprus”. Opuscula Atheniensia 4, 129-169.
- 17.H. W. Catling (1964). Cypriot Bronzework in the Mycenaean World. Oxford, Clarendon Press.
- 18.H. W. Catling (1966). “Cyprus in the Neolithic and Bronze Age periods”. The Cambridge Ancient History. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
- 19.H. W. Catling (1972). “An Early Byzantine pottery factory at Dhiorios in Cyprus”. Levant 4, 1-82.
- 20.H. W. Catling (1971). “A Cypriot Bronze Statuette in the Bomford Collection”. Alasia I, 15-32. Paris.
- 21.A. C. Brown, H. W. Catling (1975). Ancient Cyprus. Oxford, Ashmolean Museum.
- 22.A. Brown, H. Catling (1980). “Additions to the Cypriot Collection in the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, 1963-77”. Opuscula Atheniensia 13, 91-137.
- 23.H. W. Catling (2006). “Arthur Hubert Stanley (Peter) Megaw, 1910-2006”. Cahiers du Centre d'Études Chypriotes 36. Online
- 24.H. W. Catling (2009). “Review of V. Karageorghis, A Lifetime in the Archaeology of Cyprus (2007)”. Cahiers du Centre d'Études Chypriotes 39.
- 25.H. W. Catling, V. Karageorghis (1960). “Minoika in Cyprus”. Annual of the British School at Athens 55, 109-127.