Archaeologist · Excavator · Cataloguer

Jacques-Claude Courtois

1931–1991 · France

French CNRS archaeologist who dug at Enkomi from 1953 and, after Schaeffer, published the stratified finds and tombs of the site in Alasia II and III.

Biography

Jacques-Claude Courtois (1931 to 1991) began assisting Claude F.A. Schaeffer at Enkomi in 1953 and later wrote up much of its finds10. In the autumn of 1963, a member of the CNRS, he was in charge of the archaeological study of the southern sector, where the sanctuary of the Ingot God was dated to the twelfth century BC and the bronze statue was found on 4 October14. He drafted the report on the 1965 campaign with Schaeffer's assent15. In 1970 he directed the exploration of post-Mycenaean houses south of the east-west street, which showed four levels and two earthquake destructions, and in 1971 he ran a stratigraphic sector17,18. His study of the Ingot God sanctuary appeared in Schaeffer's Alasia I in 19711.

After Schaeffer's retirement Courtois published Alasia II (1981), on the tombs, and Alasia III (1984), on the objects of the stratified levels2,3. He then wrote Enkomi et le Bronze Récent à Chypre (1986) with J. and E. Lagarce, and Les cylindres-sceaux d'Enkomi (1987) with J. M. Webb5,6. Herscher singled out his studies of weights and measures; one is the appendix on the weights of Palaepaphos-Skales in Karageorghis's 1983 report, where he read two haematite pieces as weights on shekel standards10,20. In 1981 he drove Olivier Masson and Maurice Sznycer round the archaeological sites of Cyprus for two weeks12. He died in 199110.

Life and work

  1. 1953
    Began assisting C.F.A. Schaeffer in the French excavations at Enkomi.

    EnkomiHerscher 1995, p. 294

  2. November–December 1962
    15th campaign at Enkomi-Alasia: member of the Mission; wrote the season account that Schaeffer completed and passed to Karageorghis for the BCH Chronique.

    EnkomiKarageorghis 1963

  3. 1963
    16th campaign at Enkomi-Alasia, with a Mlle Courtois (relationship not stated); Courtois in charge of archaeological study of the southern sector, where the sanctuary of the Ingot God (bronze statue found 4 October 1963) was dated to the 12th century BC.

    EnkomiKarageorghis 1964

  4. 1965
    Drafted, with Schaeffer's assent, the communiqué on the 17th campaign (west enceinte, Enkomi) printed in the BCH Chronique.

    EnkomiKarageorghis 1966

  5. 1966
    The 18th-campaign report (Sept-Nov 1966) was communicated to Karageorghis by Schaeffer and Courtois.

    EnkomiKarageorghis 1967

  6. 1970
    Directed exploration of a series of post-Mycenaean houses south of the east-west street at Enkomi (four habitation levels, two earthquake destructions); a European-type knife with ivory-plated handle was found in situ in one of the houses.

    EnkomiKarageorghis 1971

  7. 1971
    Directed a stratigraphic excavation sector at Enkomi while O. Pelon cleaned the built tombs.

    EnkomiKarageorghis 1972

  8. 1971
    Published 'Le sanctuaire du dieu au lingot d'Enkomi-Alasia' in Schaeffer's Alasia I (pp. 151-362).

    ParisBernhard-Walcher et al. 1999

  9. 1981
    Published Alasia II, Les tombes d'Enkomi: le mobilier funéraire (Fouilles C.F.A. Schaeffer 1947-1965), Paris.

    ParisCatling 2020

  10. 1981
    Drove Olivier Masson and Maurice Sznycer round the archaeological sites of Cyprus for two weeks.

    CyprusSznycer 2001, p. xviii

  11. 1983
    Contributed Appendix VIII, 'Les poids de Palaepaphos-Skales', to Karageorghis's report on the 1979-81 cemetery excavations; interpreted two haematite weights (T. 89:28, T. 67:113) and several pebbles as weights on Syrian and other shekel standards, citing unpublished Enkomi weights for Alasia III.

    PalaepaphosKarageorghis 1983

  12. 1984
    Published Alasia III, Les objets des niveaux stratifiés d'Enkomi (fouilles C.F.A. Schaeffer 1947-1965), Paris.

    ParisHermary 1986

  13. 1986
    Author (with J. and E. Lagarce) of Enkomi et le Bronze Récent à Chypre (Nicosia), a general work on the whole site and its finds.

    NicosiaTatton-Brown 2003

  14. 1987
    Co-published, with J. M. Webb, Les cylindres-sceaux d'Enkomi (Mission archéologique d'Alasia), Nicosia.

    NicosiaKarageorghis & Bukina 2005

  15. 1989
    Contributed notes and commentary on the ceramics and objects of Tomb 2A,B at Kazaphani-Ayios Andronikos (pp. 78-108 in Nicolaou and Nicolaou 1989); cited in museum catalogues for Red and Black Slip handmade juglets and bull rhyta.

    NicosiaKarageorghis 2003

  16. 1991
    Died; obituarised in Herscher's survey 'Archaeology in Cyprus' (AJA 1995), and remembered by Caubet and Sznycer as taken too early.

    Herscher 1995, p. 294Caubet 2015, p. 11Sznycer 2001, p. xviii

Connections

11 people

Fieldwork & employment

Scholarship

Colleagues & contacts

On Ancient Cyprus

1 page

Sources

  1. 1.J.-C. Courtois (1971). “Le sanctuaire du dieu au lingot d'Enkomi-Alasia”. Alasia I, 151-362. Paris.
  2. 2.J.-C. Courtois (1981). Alasia. II, Les tombes d'Enkomi. Le mobilier funéraire (Fouilles C.F.A. Schaeffer 1947-1965). Paris.
  3. 3.J.-C. Courtois (1984). Alasia III, Les objets des niveaux stratifiés d'Enkomi (fouilles C.F.A. Schaeffer 1947-1965). Paris.
  4. 4.J.-C. Courtois (1983). “Les poids de Palaepaphos-Skales (Appendix VIII)”. Palaepaphos-Skales: An Iron Age Cemetery in Cyprus.
  5. 5.J.-C. Courtois, J. Lagarce, E. Lagarce (1986). Enkomi et le Bronze Récent à Chypre. Nicosia, A. G. Leventis Foundation.
  6. 6.J.-C. Courtois, J. M. Webb (1987). Les cylindres-sceaux d'Enkomi (Mission archéologique française d'Alasia).
  7. 7.J.-C. Courtois (1989). “Notes et commentaires sur les céramiques et objets provenant du mobilier funéraire de la Tombe 2A, B à Kazaphani-Ayios Andronikos”. Kazaphani: A Middle/Late Cypriot Tomb at Kazaphani-Ayios Andronikos, T.2A,B, 78-108.
  8. 8.A. Caubet, J.-C. Courtois (1975). “Masques chypriotes en terre cuite du XIIe s. av. J.-C.”. Report of the Department of Antiquities, Cyprus, 43-49.
  9. 9.J.-C. Courtois (1982). “Un masque en terre cuite d'Enkomi”. Report of the Department of Antiquities, Cyprus, 69-71.
  10. 10.Ellen Herscher (1995). “Archaeology in Cyprus”. American Journal of Archaeology 99, 257-294.
  11. 11.Annie Caubet (2015). “In Memoriam : Élisabeth Lagarce (1941-2015)”. Cahiers du Centre d'Études Chypriotes 45, 11-13.
  12. 12.Maurice Sznycer (2001). “Olivier Masson (1922-1997) - un tribute”. Cyprus in the 19th Century AD: Fact, Fancy and Fiction, xv-xviii. Oxford, Oxbow.
  13. 13.V. Karageorghis (1963). “Chronique des fouilles et découvertes archéologiques à Chypre en 1962”. Bulletin de correspondance hellénique 87.
  14. 14.V. Karageorghis (1964). “Chronique des fouilles et découvertes archéologiques à Chypre en 1963”. Bulletin de correspondance hellénique 88.
  15. 15.V. Karageorghis (1966). “Chronique des fouilles et découvertes archéologiques à Chypre en 1965”. Bulletin de correspondance hellénique 90.
  16. 16.V. Karageorghis (1967). “Chronique des fouilles et découvertes archéologiques à Chypre en 1966”. Bulletin de correspondance hellénique 91.
  17. 17.V. Karageorghis (1971). “Chronique des fouilles et découvertes archéologiques à Chypre en 1970”. Bulletin de correspondance hellénique 95.
  18. 18.V. Karageorghis (1972). “Chronique des fouilles et découvertes archéologiques à Chypre en 1971”. Bulletin de correspondance hellénique 96.
  19. 19.Antoine Hermary (1986). “Chronique d'archéologie chypriote (1984-1985)”. Cahiers du Centre d'Études Chypriotes 5.
  20. 20.V. Karageorghis (1983). Palaepaphos-Skales: An Iron Age Cemetery in Cyprus.
  21. 21.H. W. Catling (2020). Kouklia: Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age Tombs at Palaepaphos 1951-1954. Oxford, BAR Publishing.
  22. 22.Veronica Tatton-Brown (2003). “Enkomi: The Notebook in the British Museum”. Cahiers du Centre d'Études Chypriotes 33, 9-66. Online
  23. 23.A. Bernhard-Walcher, G. Dembski, K. Gschwantler, V. Karageorghis (1999). Die Sammlung zyprischer Antiken im Kunsthistorischen Museum / The Collection of Cypriote Antiquities in the Kunsthistorisches Museum. Vienna, Kunsthistorisches Museum.
  24. 24.V. Karageorghis (2003). Ancient Cypriote Art in the National Archaeological Museum, Athens. Athens, Kapon Editions, for the A. G. Leventis Foundation.
  25. 25.V. Karageorghis, O. Bukina (2005). Ancient Cypriote Art in Russian Museums. A. G. Leventis Foundation.
  26. 26. (2011). “Counts 2011, in Toumazou, Kardulias and Counts (eds), Crossroads and Boundaries (bibliography)”.