Museum director · Excavator · Cataloguer
John Henry (Harry) Iliffe
1902–1960 · United Kingdom
Museum director who co-directed with T. B. Mitford the Liverpool and St Andrews excavations at Kouklia (Palaepaphos), 1950-55, and died in 1960 before the tombs were published.
Biography
John Henry Iliffe, known as Harry, heard of Archaic sculpture found at Kouklia while on a bicycle tour with Terence Bruce Mitford in August 1949. They obtained a licence, and Liverpool and St Andrews paid for the work1,2. Iliffe was a Cambridge archaeology graduate who had worked in the Toronto museum, was appointed to the Palestine Archaeological Museum in Jerusalem in 1936, and became director of the Liverpool Museums after leaving Palestine in 19481. He was a co-author of the 1930 Royal Ontario Museum catalogue of Greek vases, which published most of that museum's Cypriot pottery14.
The Kouklia Expedition ran from 1950 to 1955. A. H. S. Megaw first allowed soundings over a wide area and from 1951 a licence limited to set plots1. Thomas Kiely gives the aims as the settlement and the sanctuary of Aphrodite, and adds the need to replace what Liverpool Museums had lost to wartime bombing, which he says explains the search for tombs3. The 1952 season opened the Evreti tombs, with rich Late Cypriot III burials reused later5. Work in 1954 uncovered a twin-towered city gate beside the Persian siege mound7. Iliffe and Mitford reported on the first season in the Antiquaries Journal in 195110. The finds went to Liverpool and St Andrews, the latter collection later passing to the National Museums of Scotland3.
By 1958 his health was failing, and Mitford asked Hector William Catling to publish the tombs. Iliffe died in 196019.
Life and work
- 1930Co-author of A Catalogue of Greek Vases in the Royal Ontario Museum of Archaeology, Toronto, whose Cypriote pottery section was the bulk of the Museum's published Cypriote vases.
TorontoKarageorghis 2002
- August 1949A bicycle tour of Cyprus with T. B. Mitford; hearing of Archaic sculpture found in a mound at Kouklia, they decided to dig there.
KoukliaMaier 1997Maier 2004
- 1950Permit for soundings in a wide area at Kouklia from A. H. S. Megaw; a 1951 licence ran for the maximum 2 years, limited to specified plots with first refusal of other sites in the larger area; the Liverpool Museums and St Andrews paid.
KoukliaMaier 1997Hermary 2008
- 1950First season: trial trenches in the sanctuary area west of the 1887 clearing (4 m of deposits incl. Mycenaean level with copper slag) and on Marcello hill.
- 1952Excavated eight partly-disturbed tombs at Evreti (LC III, richly furnished second use of Tomb 8 incl. silver bowls and ivory mirror-handle); inspected Hogarth's 1888 diary, which did not survive; agreed with Bérard and Deshayes that the supposed Mycenaean sherds at Kouklia were not Mycenaean.
- 1953Further search at Evreti; well with ivory wasters proved a Bronze Age Paphian ivory workshop; visited Bérard's Nea Paphos dig (June); last visit of French colleagues 2 July.
KoukliaMegaw 1954Maier 2008
- 1954Supplementary investigations west of the Persian siege-mound confirmed a city gate flanked by twin towers.
KoukliaMegaw 1954
- 1955Dismantling of the siege-mound under Mitford and Iliffe produced a female limestone head in mid-sixth-century Egyptianising style and more Syllabic inscriptions (190 in all); on 10 June 1955 Iliffe wrote to Bérard proposing further cooperation.
KoukliaMegaw 1955Maier 2008
- 1958–1960Mitford invited H. W. Catling (1958) to publish the Expedition's tombs; Iliffe had probably meant to write up Skales himself but his health was poor; he died in 1960 before they had direct contact.
Connections
15 peopleFieldwork & employment
- Held a permit from Arthur Hubert Stanley Megaw1950–1951
- Excavated with Mr. A. R. Burn1950
- Excavated with Mrs. A. R. Burn1950
- Excavated with Terence Bruce Mitford1950–1955
- Had digging done by Franz Georg Maier1952–1955
- Had digging done by J. Schäferpossibly1952–1955
Scholarship
- Wrote with C. G. Harcum1930
- Wrote with David Moore Robinson1930
- Wrote with Terence Bruce Mitford1951–1952
- Corresponded with Jean Bérard1952–1955
- Corresponded with B. C. S. Wilson1955
- Corresponded with Arthur Hubert Stanley Megaw1956
Colleagues & contacts
- Worked with Arthur Hubert Stanley Megaw1950–1956
- Worked with Elaine Tankard1950–1951
- Worked with L. V. Hodgson1950
- Met Arthur Hubert Stanley Megaw1951
- Worked with Franz Georg Maier1952–1955
- Worked with H. N. Chittick1952
- Worked with Jean Bérard1952–1955
- Worked with Charles Burney1953
- Connected with Hector Catling1958–1983
- Connected with Franz Georg Maier
On Ancient Cyprus
1 pageSources
- 1.F. G. Maier (1997). “A hundred years after Hogarth: Digging at Aphrodite's Sanctuary at Palaipaphos”. Cahiers du Centre d'Études Chypriotes 27, 127-136. Online
- 2.F. G. Maier (2004). Guide to Palaipaphos (Kouklia). Nicosia, Bank of Cyprus Cultural Foundation.
- 3.T. Kiely (2017). “Britain and the archaeology of Cyprus II: 1914 to the present day”. Cahiers du Centre d'Études Chypriotes 47, 253-310. Online
- 4.A. H. S. Megaw (1951). “Archaeology in Cyprus, 1949-1950”. Journal of Hellenic Studies 71, 258-260. Online
- 5.A. H. S. Megaw (1953). “Archaeology in Cyprus, 1952”. Journal of Hellenic Studies 73. Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies.
- 6.A. H. S. Megaw (1954). “Archaeology in Cyprus, 1953”. Journal of Hellenic Studies 74. Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies.
- 7.A. H. S. Megaw (1954). “Archaeology in Cyprus, 1954”. Archaeological Reports 1, 28-34. Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies.
- 8.A. H. S. Megaw (1955). “Archaeology in Cyprus, 1955”. Archaeological Reports 2, 41-46. Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies.
- 9.T. B. Mitford, J. H. Iliffe (1951). “Excavations at Kouklia (Old Paphos), Cyprus, 1950”. Antiquaries Journal 31, 51-66.
- 10.T. B. Mitford, J. H. Iliffe (1951). “Excavations at Kouklia (Old Paphos), Cyprus, 1950”. Antiquaries Journal 31, 51-66.
- 11.J. H. Iliffe (1951). “Excavations at Aphrodite's Sanctuary of Paphos”. Liverpool Bulletin 1, 24-36.
- 12.J. H. Iliffe, T. B. Mitford (1952). “Excavations at Aphrodite's Sanctuary of Paphos (1951)”. Liverpool Bulletin 2, 29-66.
- 13.D. M. Robinson, C. G. Harcum, J. H. Iliffe (1930). A Catalogue of the Greek Vases in the Royal Ontario Museum of Archaeology, Toronto. Toronto, University of Toronto Press.
- 14.V. Karageorghis (2002). “Nouvelles archéologiques. Cypriote Antiquities in Foreign Museums”. Cahiers du Centre d'Études Chypriotes 32, 3-4.
- 15.A. Hermary (2008). “Les recherches de Jean Bérard à Chypre (1950-1953): la correspondance, archives du Département des Antiquités de Chypre et de l'École Française de Rome”. Cahiers du Centre d'Études Chypriotes 38, 33-52.
- 16.F. G. Maier (2008). “Archaeology in Cyprus in the Fifties: Jean Bérard's work at Nea Paphos in context”. Cahiers du Centre d'Études Chypriotes 38, 53-62.
- 17.F. G. Maier (1992). “A tomb of Paphian Kings: the 'Spilaion tis Regainas' at Kouklia-Arkalon”. Cahiers du Centre d'Études Chypriotes 18. Online
- 18.V. Karageorghis (1983). Palaepaphos-Skales: An Iron Age Cemetery in Cyprus.
- 19.H. W. Catling (2020). Kouklia: Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age Tombs at Palaepaphos 1951-1954. Oxford, BAR Publishing.
- 20. (1999). “article on the Palestine Archaeological Museum”. Palestine Exploration Quarterly 131.2, 115-. Online