Excavator · Expedition member
Ethel M. Hunter
fl. 1951–1958 · Australia
Australian graduate who in 1953 took over the tomb excavations of the St Andrews/Liverpool expedition at Palaepaphos and, with T. B. Mitford, dug the Asproyi and Kaminia cemeteries.
Biography
Ethel Hunter, an Australian graduate, was recruited in 1953 by the St Andrews/Liverpool Expedition to Palaepaphos (Kouklia) to replace G. R. H. Wright in the excavation of tombs; at first she worked under the co-director T. B. Mitford1. With Mitford she excavated Tombs II to XI at Asproyi (Tomb I was dug in 1951), supervision of individual graves being shared among Mitford, Anne Battershill, Charles Burney and Hunter, and the two found and dug Tombs XII to XIV at Evreti, where Wright had worked in 19521.
Late in the 1953 season they came upon the Kaminia cemetery. Hunter wrote to J. R. Stewart in Australia on 1 September 1953: "we found a LC III cemetery, four days before the end, so Terence and I carried on"1. H. W. Catling thanked "the late Ethel Hunter who with Terence Mitford directed the 1953 Asproyi and Kaminia excavations"1.
She wrote the tomb descriptions in 1953 and 1954, taking them substantially from her Glasgow dissertation, and an offer to publish the Evreti, Asproyi and Kaminia finds was made to her in 1953; she did not publish them. In 1958 Mitford invited Catling to publish all the Expedition's tombs, and his volume of 2020 retained her descriptions while judging some of her interpretations unsound, among them her distinction between Mycenaean and native fabrics and her reading of Asproyi Tomb III as unusual1.
Life and work
- 1953Australian graduate Ethel Hunter recruited by the St Andrews/Liverpool Expedition to replace G. R. H. Wright in the excavation of tombs; initially worked under T. B. Mitford, co-director.
KoukliaCatling 2020
- 1953With Mitford, after limited success in a search for more Evreti tombs, transferred work to Asproyi: eleven tombs (I and II-XI) excavated by Mitford and Hunter; supervision of individual graves shared between Mitford, Anne Battershill, Charles Burney and Hunter.
Asproyi, KoukliaCatling 2020
- 1953Evreti Tombs XII-XIV found and dug by Mitford and Hunter; her descriptions of them are very brief; Catling dates the Evreti completion to 1954 in one passage and 1953 in another.
Evreti, KoukliaCatling 2020
- August–September 1953Kaminia cemetery (earth graves I-XXI, XXIA and XXIB) found at an advanced stage of the season; Hunter wrote on 1 Sept 1953 to J. R. Stewart in Australia that 'we found a LC III cemetery, four days before the end, so Terence and I carried on'. Direction shared between Mitford and Hunter; eleven of the drawings are jointly attributed to them.
Kaminia, KoukliaCatling 2020
- 1953A study and publication offer for Evreti, Asproyi and Kaminia was made to E. M. Hunter (Skales not included). Her tomb descriptions and inventories, written 1953/54 and taken substantially from her Glasgow dissertation, were used as the basis for Catling's 2020 volume; the finds were not published by her.
- 2 July 1953Franz Georg Maier's diary entry of the day the French colleagues (Berard, Deshayes) left the mound: they evidently did not get on with 'TBM und Ethel' at Evreti.
KoukliaMaier 2008
- 1958Mitford invited H. W. Catling to undertake publication of all the tombs excavated by the Expedition, in place of the 1953 Hunter offer (as Catling reconstructs it).
Through their hands
1 record- n.d.Transfer
TransferEthel Hunter parted with her university thesis on the dig for Hector William Catling's benefit.
Passed objects to Hector CatlingMerrillees 2012, p. 13
In the field
11 recordsAsproyi
1953
Dug for · 1953Hunter assisted Mitford when work moved to Asproyi.
Dug for Liverpool City Museum/St Andrews University Expedition to PalaepaphosAsproyi excavationCatling 2020, p. 11Catling 2020, p. 1
Connected withHunter and Mitford shared supervision of individual grave excavations.
Connected with Terence Bruce Mitfordindividual graves at AsproyiCatling 2020, p. 101
Connected withHunter and Battershill shared supervision of individual grave excavations.
Connected with Anne Battershillindividual graves at AsproyiCatling 2020, p. 101
Connected withHunter and Burney shared supervision of individual grave excavations.
Connected with Charles Burneyindividual graves at AsproyiCatling 2020, p. 101
Evreti
1953
Excavated with · 1953Hunter and Mitford found and excavated Tomb XII.
Excavated with Terence Bruce MitfordEvreti Tomb XIICatling 2020, p. 91Catling 2020, p. 101
Succeeded · 1953Hunter replaced Wright in the excavation of tombs.
Excavated · 1953E. M. Hunter excavated tombs in the Evreti area.
Evreti tombsCatling 2020, p. 171
Kaminia
Excavated withMitford and Hunter shared direction of the Kaminia excavation.
Excavated with Terence Bruce MitfordKaminia cemeteryCatling 2020, p. 1
Corresponded withHunter wrote to Stewart about finding and continuing work at the Kaminia cemetery.
Corresponded with James Rivers Barrington StewartKaminia cemetery excavationCatling 2020, p. 101
Fieldwork
1953
Connected with · 1953Mitford initially directed Hunter’s work in the excavation of tombs.
Connected with Terence Bruce MitfordCatling 2020, p. 91
Employed by · 1953The Expedition recruited Hunter to replace Wright in the excavation of tombs.
Employed by St Andrews/Liverpool ExpeditionCatling 2020, p. 91
Connections
6 peopleSales, gifts & bequests
- Passed objects to Hector CatlingEthel Hunter parted with her university thesis on the dig for Hector William Catling's benefit. Merrillees 2012, p. 13
Fieldwork & employment
- Excavated with Terence Bruce MitfordHunter and Mitford found and excavated Tomb XII. Catling 2020, p. 91Catling 2020, p. 1011953–1954
Disputes & the law
- Rival of Hector Catlingpossibly
Scholarship
- Corresponded with James Rivers Barrington StewartHunter wrote to Stewart about finding and continuing work at the Kaminia cemetery. Catling 2020, p. 1011953
Colleagues & contacts
- Worked with Anne Battershill1953
- Worked with Charles Burney1953
- Succeeded George Roy Haslam WrightHunter replaced Wright in the excavation of tombs. Catling 2020, p. 911953
- Connected with Terence Bruce MitfordMitford initially directed Hunter’s work in the excavation of tombs. Catling 2020, p. 911953
- Connected with Anne BattershillHunter and Battershill shared supervision of individual grave excavations. Catling 2020, p. 101
- Connected with Charles BurneyHunter and Burney shared supervision of individual grave excavations. Catling 2020, p. 101
- Connected with Hector Catling
Sources
- 1.H. W. Catling (2020). Kouklia: Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age Tombs at Palaepaphos 1951-1954. Oxford, BAR Publishing.
- 2.F. G. Maier (2008). “Archaeology in Cyprus in the Fifties: Jean Bérard's work at Nea Paphos in context”. Cahiers du Centre d'Études Chypriotes 38, 53-62.
- 3.R. S. Merrillees (2012). “Hector William Catling (1924-2013). A Personal Tribute”. Cahiers du Centre d'Études Chypriotes 42, 11-14. Online