Excavator · Expedition member
Ethel M. Hunter
fl. 1951–1958 · Australia
Australian graduate who in 1953 took over the tomb excavations of the St Andrews/Liverpool expedition at Palaepaphos and, with T. B. Mitford, dug the Asproyi and Kaminia cemeteries.
Biography
Ethel Hunter, an Australian graduate, was recruited in 1953 by the St Andrews/Liverpool Expedition to Palaepaphos (Kouklia) to replace G. R. H. Wright in the excavation of tombs; at first she worked under the co-director T. B. Mitford1. With Mitford she excavated Tombs II to XI at Asproyi (Tomb I was dug in 1951), supervision of individual graves being shared among Mitford, Anne Battershill, Charles Burney and Hunter, and the two found and dug Tombs XII to XIV at Evreti, where Wright had worked in 19521.
Late in the 1953 season they came upon the Kaminia cemetery. Hunter wrote to J. R. Stewart in Australia on 1 September 1953: "we found a LC III cemetery, four days before the end, so Terence and I carried on"1. H. W. Catling thanked "the late Ethel Hunter who with Terence Mitford directed the 1953 Asproyi and Kaminia excavations"1.
She wrote the tomb descriptions in 1953 and 1954, taking them substantially from her Glasgow dissertation, and an offer to publish the Evreti, Asproyi and Kaminia finds was made to her in 1953; she did not publish them. In 1958 Mitford invited Catling to publish all the Expedition's tombs, and his volume of 2020 retained her descriptions while judging some of her interpretations unsound, among them her distinction between Mycenaean and native fabrics and her reading of Asproyi Tomb III as unusual1.
Life and work
- 1953Australian graduate Ethel Hunter recruited by the St Andrews/Liverpool Expedition to replace G. R. H. Wright in the excavation of tombs; initially worked under T. B. Mitford, co-director.
KoukliaCatling 2020
- 1953With Mitford, after limited success in a search for more Evreti tombs, transferred work to Asproyi: eleven tombs (I and II-XI) excavated by Mitford and Hunter; supervision of individual graves shared between Mitford, Anne Battershill, Charles Burney and Hunter.
Asproyi, KoukliaCatling 2020
- 1953Evreti Tombs XII-XIV found and dug by Mitford and Hunter; her descriptions of them are very brief; Catling dates the Evreti completion to 1954 in one passage and 1953 in another.
Evreti, KoukliaCatling 2020
- August–September 1953Kaminia cemetery (earth graves I-XXI, XXIA and XXIB) found at an advanced stage of the season; Hunter wrote on 1 Sept 1953 to J. R. Stewart in Australia that 'we found a LC III cemetery, four days before the end, so Terence and I carried on'. Direction shared between Mitford and Hunter; eleven of the drawings are jointly attributed to them.
Kaminia, KoukliaCatling 2020
- 1953A study and publication offer for Evreti, Asproyi and Kaminia was made to E. M. Hunter (Skales not included). Her tomb descriptions and inventories, written 1953/54 and taken substantially from her Glasgow dissertation, were used as the basis for Catling's 2020 volume; the finds were not published by her.
- 2 July 1953Franz Georg Maier's diary entry of the day the French colleagues (Berard, Deshayes) left the mound: they evidently did not get on with 'TBM und Ethel' at Evreti.
KoukliaMaier 2008
- 1958Mitford invited H. W. Catling to undertake publication of all the tombs excavated by the Expedition, in place of the 1953 Hunter offer (as Catling reconstructs it).
Connections
6 peopleFieldwork & employment
- Excavated with Terence Bruce Mitford1953–1954
Disputes & the law
- Rival of Hector Catlingpossibly
Scholarship
- Corresponded with James Rivers Barrington Stewartpossibly1953
Colleagues & contacts
- Worked with Anne Battershill1953
- Worked with Charles Burney1953
- Succeeded George Roy Haslam Wright1953
- Connected with Hector Catling
Sources
- 1.H. W. Catling (2020). Kouklia: Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age Tombs at Palaepaphos 1951-1954. Oxford, BAR Publishing.
- 2.F. G. Maier (2008). “Archaeology in Cyprus in the Fifties: Jean Bérard's work at Nea Paphos in context”. Cahiers du Centre d'Études Chypriotes 38, 53-62.