Scholar · Archaeologist · Excavator · Expedition member
Paul Croft
fl. 1972–2023
Zooarchaeologist who reported the animal bones of Cypriot Neolithic, Chalcolithic and Bronze Age sites from 1977 and was responsible for the experimental round house at Lemba.
Biography
Paul Croft identified the animal bones from many excavated settlements of prehistoric Cyprus. He was on the 1977 and 1979 field staffs of I. A. Todd's Vasilikos Valley Project, and his study of the Tenta fauna in 1982 identified 1,081 items, with deer about half, pigs about 30 per cent and caprines about 20 per cent1,2,3. Final reports followed in Tenta II (2005) and, as co-editor with Todd, in the Kalavasos-Ayious volume (2004)12,13. In 1981 his analyses at Sotira-Kaminoudhia showed, in Karageorghis's account, that cattle first really appear on the island there6.
He is listed as faunal analyst of the American Expedition to Idalion, and in winter 1979 to 1980 he re-examined the 1972 Dhali-Agridhi fauna in the Cyprus Museum4,5. His Cambridge doctoral thesis (1989) and a 1991 article, "Man and Beast in Chalcolithic Cyprus", gathered the Neolithic and Chalcolithic evidence14,15.
With the University of Edinburgh mission he was directly responsible for the 10 m experimental Chalcolithic round house at Lemba-Lakkous, which Karageorghis called the first experimental archaeology in Cyprus7. He also excavated deep wells near Kissonerga-Mylouthkia, and later reported bones from Maa-Palaeokastro, Marki Alonia, Politiko-Kokkinorotsos and the Paphos Agora Project8,10,11,16,20.
Life and work
- 1972The 1972 Dhali-Agridhi fauna he later reconsidered (deer 77.2%, caprines 14.2%, pigs 8.6% of 816 identified fragments).
- 1976–1977Undertook flotation of Tenta samples (1976 and 1977 seasons) for the Vasilikos Valley Project (director I. A. Todd; sponsored by Brandeis University, funded by NSF); on the 1977 field staff.
- 1979On the 1979 VVP field staff; began systematic analysis of Tenta (1,081 items identified, about one third of the 1976-79 collection) and Ayious animal bones, published in JFA 9 (1982).
- 1979–1980Examined the 1972 Dhali-Agridhi fauna in the Cyprus Museum at the invitation of Dr Anita Walker; Schwartz (1974) and Carter had reported on other parts.
- 1981Animal-bone analysis for the first campaign of the American (CAARI) mission at Sotira-Kaminoudhia under S. Swiny; his results showed the first real appearance of cattle on the island. Also co-author with Heywood, Swiny, Whittingham of 'Erimi Revisited' (RDAC 1981).
- 1987–1990Excavated deep wells, apparently aceramic Neolithic, near Kissonerga-Mylouthkia (lithics incl. obsidian, no pottery) while Peltenburg completed the Early Chalcolithic settlement.
- 1988Animal remains from Maa-Palaeokastro, Appendix IX in Karageorghis and Demas (eds).
- 1990Directly responsible, for the Edinburgh British Mission, for building the 10 m experimental Chalcolithic round house at Lemba-Lakkous, with A. G. Leventis Foundation funding: 'the first instance of experimental archaeology in Cyprus'.
- 2007Co-authored the first preliminary report on Kissonerga-Skalia 2007 (Crewe, Croft, Graham, McCarthy) and, with C. McCartney, a paper on the 1940s Kalavasos-Pampoules excavations.
Crewe et al. 2008, pp. 105-119Croft & McCartney 2007, pp. 45-86
- 2018–2020Wrote the animal-bone chapter of Paphos Agora Project I (2020) and a 2018 appendix on the Jagiellonian excavations at the Nea Paphos Agora.
Connections
25 peopleFieldwork & employment
- Excavated with Andrew McCarthy2007
- Excavated with Carole McCartney2008
- Excavated with Charalambos Paraskeva2015–2017
Scholarship
- Wrote with Ian A. Todd1977–2004
- Wrote with John Walsh1991
- Wrote with Adam Jackson2000–2006
- Wrote with Carole McCartney2000–2007
- Wrote with Edgar J. Peltenburg2000
- Wrote with Mary Anne Murray2000–2001
- Wrote with Sue Colledge2000
- Wrote with Gordon Thomas2003
- Wrote with Alice Kingsnorth2004
- Wrote with Joanne Clarkepossibly2007
- Wrote with Lindy Crewe2007–2008
- Wrote with Lisa Grahamprobably2007–2008
- Wrote with Bleda S. Düring2018–2019
- Wrote with Ellon Souter2018–2023
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- Wrote with Charalambos Paraskeva2019
- Wrote with Till Sonnemann2019
- Wrote with Victor Klinkenberg2019–2023
Colleagues & contacts
- Worked with Ian A. Todd1976–2005
- Worked with Alice Kingsnorth1977–1979
- Worked with Tracey Cullen1977–1979
- Connected with Anita Walker1979–1980
- Worked with Stuart Swiny1981
- Worked with David W. Rupp1992–1993
- Connected with David Frankel1996–2006
- Connected with Jennifer M. Webb1996–2006
- Connected with Ewdoksia Papuci-Władyka2018–2020
- Worked with Edgar J. Peltenburg
On Ancient Cyprus
3 pages- AlassaSite
- Clothing and Dress in Ancient CyprusCompendium
- Food and Diet in Ancient CyprusCompendium
Sources
- 1.P. Croft (1982). “Faunal Remains from Tenta and Ayious”. Vasilikos Valley Project: Fourth Preliminary Report, 1979-1980 (Journal of Field Archaeology 9(1)).
- 2.Ian A. Todd (1982). “Vasilikos Valley Project: Fourth Preliminary Report, 1979-1980”. Journal of Field Archaeology 9, 35-77. Online
- 3.Ian A. Todd (1978). “Vasilikos Valley Project: Second Preliminary Report, 1977”. Journal of Field Archaeology 5, 161-195. Online
- 4.P. Croft (1989). “A Reconsideration of Fauna from the 1972 Season (Dhali-Agridhi)”. American Expedition to Idalion, Cyprus 1973-1980, 259-. Chicago, Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.
- 5.Lawrence E. Stager (ed.), Anne M. Walker (ed.) (1989). American Expedition to Idalion, Cyprus, 1973-1980. Chicago, Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.
- 6.V. Karageorghis (1982). “Chronique des fouilles et découvertes archéologiques à Chypre en 1981”. Bulletin de correspondance hellénique 106.
- 7.V. Karageorghis (1990). The A. G. Leventis Foundation and the Cultural Heritage of Cyprus.
- 8.Louise Steel (1997-1998). “Archaeology in Cyprus 1987-1997”. Archaeological Reports 44, 137-149.
- 9.E. Papuci-Władyka (ed.) (2020). Interdisciplinary Research of the Jagiellonian University in Nea Paphos UNESCO World Heritage Site (2011-2015): First Results.
- 10.P. W. Croft (1988). “Animal remains from Maa-Palaeokastro (Appendix IX)”. Excavations at Maa-Palaeokastro 1979-1986, 449-457. Nicosia, Department of Antiquities.
- 11.P. W. Croft (2018). “Appendix: Preliminary observations on animal remains from Krakow University excavations on the Agora of Nea Paphos”. Paphos Agora Project, vol. 1: Interdisciplinary Research of the Jagiellonian University in Nea Paphos UNESCO World Heritage Site (2011-2015). First Results, 567-569.
- 12.P. Croft (2004). “Mammalian faunal remains from Kalavasos Ayious”. Vasilikos Valley Project 8: Excavations at Kalavasos Ayious, 200-211. Sävedalen, Paul Åströms Förlag.
- 13.P. Croft (2005). “Mammalian Fauna”. Vasilikos Valley Project 7: Excavations at Kalavasos Tenta II, 342-367. Sävedalen, Paul Åströms Förlag.
- 14.P. Croft (1991). “Man and Beast in Chalcolithic Cyprus”. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 282/283, 63-79.
- 15.P. Croft (1989). “The Osteology of Neolithic and Chalcolithic Cyprus”. University of Cambridge.
- 16.P. Croft (2012). “Hunting and dining at Red Rock: animal remains from Chalcolithic Politiko-Kokkinorotsos”. Report of the Department of Antiquities, Cyprus 2010, 113-137.
- 17.H. Heywood, S. Swiny, D. Whittingham, P. Croft (1981). “Erimi Revisited”. Report of the Department of Antiquities, Cyprus, 24-42.
- 18.E. Peltenburg et al. (1985). Excavations at Lemba Lakkous, 1976-1983. Göteborg, Paul Åströms Förlag.
- 19.D. W. Rupp, J. T. Clarke, C. D'Annibale, P. W. Croft et al. (1993). “The Western Cyprus Project: 1992 Field Season”. Report of the Department of Antiquities, Cyprus, 381-412.
- 20.P. Croft (1996). “Subsistence Economy”. Marki Alonia: An Early and Middle Bronze Age Town in Cyprus. Excavations 1990-1994, 217-223. Jonsered, Paul Åströms Förlag.
- 21.P. W. Croft (2006). “Animal bones”. Marki Alonia: An Early and Middle Bronze Age Settlement in Cyprus. Excavations 1995-2000, 268-281. Sävedalen, Paul Åströms Förlag.
- 22.P. Croft, C. McCartney (2007). “New Light in Ancient Pits: The 1940s Excavations at Kalavasos-Pampoules, Cyprus”. Report of the Department of Antiquities, Cyprus 2007, 45-86.
- 23.L. Crewe, P. Croft, L. Graham, A. McCarthy (2008). “First Preliminary Report of Excavations at Kissonerga-Skalia, 2007”. Report of the Department of Antiquities, Cyprus, 105-119.
- 24.E. Peltenburg, S. Colledge, P. Croft, A. Jackson et al. (2000). “Agro-pastoralist colonization of Cyprus in the 10th millennium BP: Initial assessments”.
- 25.B. S. Düring, V. Klinkenberg, C. Paraskeva, P. Croft et al. (2019). “Excavations at Chlorakas-Palloures, New Light on Chalcolithic Cyprus”. Reports of the Department of Antiquities of Cyprus, New Series 1, 467-490.
- 26.J. Walsh et al. (1991). Chalcolithic Cyprus.
- 27.M. K. Toumazou (ed.), P. N. Kardulias (ed.), D. B. Counts (ed.) (2011). Crossroads and Boundaries: The Archaeology of Past and Present in the Malloura Valley, Cyprus.
- 28.Müge Hüseyin Şevketoğlu (1998). “Archaeological Field Survey of the Neolithic and Chalcolithic Settlement Sites in Kyrenia District, North Cyprus: Systematic Surface Collection and the Interpretation of Artefact Scatters”. PhD thesis, University of Edinburgh.
- 29.A. C. Sneddon (2002). The Cemeteries at Marki: Using a Looted Landscape to Investigate Prehistoric Bronze Age Cyprus. Oxford, Archaeopress.