Museum director · Scholar · Critic / journalist · Donor

Sir Arthur John Evans

1851–1941 · United Kingdom

Ashmolean Keeper who never dug in Cyprus but gave it Cypriot antiquities, sent duplicates to Vienna and wrote the 1900 critique of A. S. Murray's dating of the British Museum excavations.

Biography

Arthur Evans, the excavator of Knossos, did not excavate in Cyprus; his place in the island's story comes from his years as Keeper of the Ashmolean Museum, which Ulbrich dates to 1886-19081. The Ashmolean had subscribed to the Cyprus Exploration Fund in 1887 and received more than a thousand provenanced finds from it between 1888 and 18981.

He gave to the museum himself. A small black-gloss Hellenistic vase (AN1888.1383) is credited "Presented by Sir Arthur Evans, 1888"10. In 1927 he donated some twenty copper weapons and tools without recorded findspots from the collection of his father, the prehistorian John Evans, among them axe heads (AN1927.1280)1,11. In 1905 he sent Vienna 25 of the duplicates from John Myres's 1894 Kamelarga votive deposit, which reached the Kunsthistorisches Museum at the end of July2. In 1911 the Ashmolean received 29 mostly Archaic antiquities from the Cesnola Collection in the Metropolitan Museum in exchange for Minoan material from Knossos that Evans had excavated1.

On 12 February 1886 Max Ohnefalsch-Richter wrote to him from Nicosia, asking his help in getting reports on the Nicosia prehistoric necropolis published in England and saying he was glad that Evans and other connoisseurs were satisfied with "the jar I have procured you"3. The letter names no price.

In print Evans took part in the argument over Cypriot chronology. His 1900 paper on the British Museum excavations praised them as the first clear view of Mycenaean Cyprus but criticised the dating proposed by Alexander Stuart Murray4. His work at Knossos from 1900 undermined Murray's low dating14.

Life and work

  1. 12 February 1886
    Max Ohnefalsch-Richter, writing from Nicosia to 'Dear Mr Evans' in Oxford, asked help in publishing his Nicosia-necropolis reports, mentioned the Watkins-Warren scandal trial, and said he was glad Evans and others were satisfied with 'the jar I have procured you'.

    NicosiaBuchholz 2001

  2. 1888
    Presented a small black-gloss Hellenistic Cypriot vase to the Ashmolean (AN1888.1383).

    OxfordAshmolean Museum AN1888.1383, small…

  3. 1895
    Published 'Cretan Pictographs, &c.' (J.H.S. 14, 270 ff.), whose discoveries Myres and Ohnefalsch-Richter cite for the Cypriot syllabary's link with Aegean writing.

    Myres & Ohnefalsch-Richter 1899

  4. 1900
    In 'Mycenaean Cyprus as Illustrated in the British Museum Excavations' (J. Anthropological Institute 30, pp. 199-220) praised the Turner Bequest results as a first clear view of a Mycenaean phase in Cyprus but rebutted A. S. Murray's late (Age of the Tyrants) dating, objecting to such suggestions being 'set forth under official auspices'.

    Evans 1900Reeve 2021, p. 168Ulbrich & Kiely 2012Tatton-Brown 2001

  5. July 1905
    As director of the Ashmolean he gave the Vienna antiquities collection 25 terracotta votive statuettes from Myres's 1894 Kamelarga votive deposit; they arrived at the end of July 1905 (KHM cat. 60-64).

    ViennaBernhard-Walcher et al. 1999, p. 44

  6. 1911
    The Ashmolean received 29 Cypriot antiquities, mostly Archaic, from the Cesnola Collection in the Metropolitan Museum, New York, in exchange for Minoan material from Knossos excavated by Evans.

    OxfordPilides & Papadimitriou 2012, p. 26

  7. 1927
    Presented about 20 unprovenanced Cypriot copper weapons and tools to the Ashmolean 'from the collection of Sir John Evans' (his father), among them axe heads AN1927.1280 and AN1927.1282.

    OxfordPilides & Papadimitriou 2012, p. 26Ashmolean Museum AN1927.1280, copper…

Connections

9 people

Sales, gifts & bequests

Family

Fieldwork & employment

Disputes & the law

Colleagues & contacts

Objects

On Ancient Cyprus

5 pages

Sources

  1. 1.Despo Pilides (ed.), Nikolas Papadimitriou (ed.) (2012). Ancient Cyprus: Cultures in Dialogue. Department of Antiquities, Cyprus.
  2. 2.A. Bernhard-Walcher, G. Dembski, K. Gschwantler, V. Karageorghis (1999). Die Sammlung zyprischer Antiken im Kunsthistorischen Museum / The Collection of Cypriote Antiquities in the Kunsthistorisches Museum. Vienna, Kunsthistorisches Museum.
  3. 3.Hans-Guenter Buchholz (2001). “Falkland Warren”. Cyprus in the 19th Century AD: Fact, Fancy and Fiction, 207-215. Oxford, Oxbow.
  4. 4.Arthur J. Evans (1900). “Mycenaean Cyprus as Illustrated in the British Museum Excavations”. Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland 30, 199-220. Online
  5. 5.A. J. Evans (1894). “Primitive Pictographs and a Prae-Phoenician Script from Crete and the Peloponnese”. Journal of Hellenic Studies 14, 270-372.
  6. 6.J. L. Myres, M. Ohnefalsch-Richter (1899). A Catalogue of the Cyprus Museum. Oxford, Clarendon Press.
  7. 7.Anna Holly Reeve (2021). “Ancient Cyprus in Leeds: Objects, Networks and Museums from 1870 to 1947”. PhD thesis, University of Leeds.
  8. 8.Anja Ulbrich, Thomas Kiely (2012). “Britain and the Archaeology of Cyprus. I. The long 19th century”. Cahiers du Centre d'Études Chypriotes 42. Online
  9. 9.Michael Given (2025). “Over the landscape, in the landscape? Knowledge and agency in Cypriot archaeology, 1870-1910”. Empire & Excavation: Critical perspectives on archaeology in British-period Cyprus, 1878-1960. Leiden, Sidestone Press.
  10. 10.“Ashmolean Museum AN1888.1383, small black-gloss vase”. Ashmolean Museum online collection. Online
  11. 11.“Ashmolean Museum AN1927.1280, copper axe head”. Ashmolean Museum online collection. Online
  12. 12.“Ashmolean Museum AN1886.750, terracotta candlestick holder”. Ashmolean Museum online collection.
  13. 13.“Ashmolean Museum AN1941.158, Late Cypriot cylinder seal”. Ashmolean Museum online collection.
  14. 14.Veronica Tatton-Brown (ed.) (2001). Cyprus in the 19th Century AD: Fact, Fancy and Fiction. Oxford, Oxbow.