Workman · Foreman · Restorer / conservator · Museum staff
Christos Grigoriou
fl. 1927–1971 · Cyprus
Cypriot workman who dug at Kourion for the University of Pennsylvania, pressed on with the clearing of Bamboula Tomb 17, and later became custodian of the museum at Episkopi.
Biography
At Bamboula, near Kourion, John Franklin Daniel found Tomb 17 full of disturbed fill and proposed to abandon it; the foreman, Christos Grigoriou, insisted that the clearing go on, and it produced two pairs of gold calf's-head earrings2. Jack L. Benson identifies the tomb with Tombs 53 and 102 of the British Museum's excavation of 18952.
Grigoriou's name first appears in the preface to the first volume of the Swedish Cyprus Expedition's publication, which lists "Messrs. Christos Grigoriou, Jorkis Andrea, and Simeon Stavrou" as trained workmen of the expedition, which worked in Cyprus from 1927 to 19311. He later served the University of Pennsylvania's Kourion expedition as foreman. Benson calls him Daniel's foreman at the Kaloriziki necropolis, where he reported wall remains found during the excavation3. George H. McFadden thanked him for his help in the field at the Ayios Ermoyenis necropolis and in the workrooms afterwards, "where his patience and skill saved many antiquities which seemed beyond repair"4. John Howard Young and S. H. Young credited him with the long work of joining and mending the Kourion terracotta figurines5.
Terence Mitford describes him as chief foreman of the expedition and, by the time of his volume of Kourion inscriptions, custodian of the museum at Episkopi6. He had himself excavated a tomb at Mersinouthkia, an outlier of the Kaloriziki cemetery, which yielded an inscribed Plain White jug; the inscription was noticed when the vessel was cleaned, and the jug was later separated from its tomb group6. He also told Mitford that a mortar rim with a stamped inscription had been picked up near Episkopi village in the winter of 1960-616. His dates of birth and death are not recorded.
Life and work
- 1927–1931Listed in the preface to SCE I among the 'trained workmen' (with Jorkis Andrea and Simeon Stavrou) used by the Swedish Cyprus Expedition in Cyprus.
CyprusGjerstad et al. 1934
- 1934–1948As Daniel's foreman at Kourion Bamboula he insisted that Tomb 17 be cleared to the floor when Daniel proposed abandoning it as disturbed; two pairs of gold calf's-head earrings and other objects followed. Benson identifies the tombs with Tombs 53 and 102 of the British Museum's 1895 excavation.
KourionBenson 1972
- 1934–1948Daniel's foreman at the Kaloriziki necropolis; reported that remains of walls were found while excavating the necropolis.
KourionBenson 1973, p. 18
- 1946McFadden thanks him as foreman 'both in the excavations and later in the workrooms, where his patience and skill saved many antiquities which seemed beyond repair' (Ayios Ermoyenis necropolis, the latest phase of the Kourion excavations).
KourionMcFadden 1946, p. 449 n. 1
- 1954–1961Told Mitford of the findspots of an inscribed Plain White jug from a tomb he excavated himself at Mersinouthkia (inscription noticed when the vessel was cleaned; the jug later separated from the tomb-group) and of a mortar rim picked up at Episkopi village in winter 1960-61.
EpiskopiMitford 1971
- 1955Thanked by J. H. and S. H. Young as 'our foreman', 'invaluable in the long task of joining and mending the figurines' from the Kourion votive deposit.
KourionYoung & Young 1955
Connections
8 peopleFieldwork & employment
- Employed by Einar Nilson Gjerstad1927–1931
- Employed by George H. McFadden1940–1941
- Employed by Bert Hodge Hillprobably
- Employed by John Franklin Daniel
- Employed by John Howard Young
Colleagues & contacts
- Worked with Solonprobably1927
- Worked with Tryfonasprobably1927
- Connected with Terence Bruce Mitford1961
Sources
- 1.E. Gjerstad, J. Lindros, E. Sjöqvist, A. Westholm (1934). The Swedish Cyprus Expedition: Finds and Results of the Excavations in Cyprus 1927-1931, Vol. I (text). Stockholm, The Swedish Cyprus Expedition.
- 2.J. L. Benson (1972). Bamboula at Kourion: The Necropolis and the Finds Excavated by J. F. Daniel. Philadelphia, University Museum, University of Pennsylvania.
- 3.J. L. Benson (1973). The Necropolis of Kaloriziki, excavated by J. F. Daniel and G. H. McFadden for the University Museum, University of Pennsylvania.
- 4.George H. McFadden (1946). “A Tomb of the Necropolis of Ayios Ermoyenis at Kourion”. American Journal of Archaeology 50, 449-489.
- 5.John Howard Young, Suzanne Halstead Young (1955). Terracotta Figurines from Kourion in Cyprus. Philadelphia, University Museum, University of Pennsylvania.
- 6.T. B. Mitford (1971). The Inscriptions of Kourion. Philadelphia, American Philosophical Society.