Archaeologist · Excavator · Scholar
Louise Steel
b. 1965 · United Kingdom
British archaeologist of Bronze Age Cyprus who worked on the re-study of the British Museum's Maroni-Tsaroukkas cemetery and directed fieldwork at the Late Bronze Age settlement of Arediou-Vouppes.
Biography
Louise Steel re-examined the Maroni-Tsaroukkas cemetery that the British Museum had dug in 1897-98, then went on to direct a team at the Late Bronze Age settlement of Arediou-Vouppes. She did her doctoral research at University College London under J. Nicolas Coldstream, on the transition from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age, and later held a post-doctoral position at the University of Edinburgh1.
In 1992 and 1993 she was one of the authors of the preliminary report on the Maroni Valley Archaeological Survey Project, alongside Sturt W. Manning and others5. In 1993 she was a member of the team of the "Tsaroukkas, Mycenaeans and Trade" project, which re-examined the cemetery at Maroni-Tsaroukkas that Henry Beauchamp Walters had dug for the British Museum in 1897-984,7. She wrote the section of the report on the history of archaeological research in the Maroni valley before 19908.
While at Edinburgh she wrote the survey "Archaeology in Cyprus 1987-1997" for Archaeological Reports6. She also translated Pierre Le Brun's guide to Khirokitia into English13.
Her chapter in the 2001 volume Cyprus in the 19th Century AD treated the British Museum's Turner Bequest excavations (Amathus in 1894, Kourion in 1895, Enkomi in 1896 and Maroni-Tsaroukkas in 1897) as the source of a view of the Late Cypriot period centred on its links with the Mycenaean world. One third of the finds from these excavations went to the Cyprus Museum7.
From 2004 she led a team from the University of Wales, Lampeter (later University of Wales Trinity Saint David) at Arediou-Vouppes, also called Lithosouros. The survey of that year, written up with Sarah Janes, was meant to establish the size, date and nature of the settlement2,3. The Sydney Cyprus Survey Project had first noted the site1. Excavation followed in 2005 and 2006, and the main occupation uncovered dates to the 13th century BCE2. The preliminary analysis of the material culture, written with Carole McCartney, appeared in the Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research in 20082. Kiely lists her as the author of the textbook Cyprus before History1.
Life and work
- 1992–1993Co-author of the preliminary report on the Maroni Valley Archaeological Survey Project 1992-93 seasons.
Maroni valleyManning et al. 1994, pp. 345-367
- 1993Member of the Reading team of the 'Tsaroukkas, Mycenaeans and Trade' project, which re-examined the cemetery excavated by the British Museum in 1897-98; she also wrote the history of research in the Maroni valley before 1990 in the report.
Maroni-TsaroukkasManning et al. 1994, pp. 83-106Tatton-Brown 2001
- 1997Wrote the Archaeological Reports survey 'Archaeology in Cyprus 1987-1997' while at Edinburgh.
- 1998Translated Pierre Le Brun's Khirokitia guide into English for the Bank of Cyprus Cultural Foundation.
KhirokitiaBrun 1997
- 2001Argued that the British Museum Turner-bequest excavations (Amathus 1894, Kourion 1895, Enkomi 1896, Maroni-Tsaroukkas 1897) created the Mycenaean-centred view of the Late Cypriot period, with one third of finds going to the Cyprus Museum.
- 2004Directed survey of Vouppes with a University of Wales Lampeter team, to establish size, date and nature of a small inland Late Bronze Age settlement.
Arediou-VouppesSteel & McCartney 2008, p. 2Steel & Janes 2005, pp. 231-244
- 2005–2006Excavated Vouppes in 2005 and 2006 (architecture, material culture; main occupation 13th century BCE). Kiely dates the work 'since 2005' and notes the site was first found by the Sydney Cyprus Survey Project.
Arediou-VouppesSteel & McCartney 2008, p. 2Kiely 2017
In the field
2 recordsArediou, Cyprus
2004
Recorded · 2004Louise Steel directed a fieldwork project at Arediou, Cyprus.
Aredhiou
SurveyedLouise Steel and her team surveyed the field systems immediately north of Aredhiou and recovered Late Bronze Age material.
Connections
8 peopleFieldwork & employment
- Excavated with Sturt W. Manning1993
Scholarship
- Wrote with C. B. Meeprobably1998
- Wrote with Sarah Janes2005
- Wrote with Carole McCartney2008
- Student of J. Nicolas Coldstream
Colleagues & contacts
- Helped by Alison K. SouthAlison gave Louise Steel permission to work with the pottery from the site. Steel 2018, p. 141990
- Worked with N. BrodieNeil Brodie and Louise Steel published an archaeometric study of Black-on-Red pottery together. Schreiber 2003, p. xxviiiSchreiber 2003, p. 2381996
- Worked with C. B. MeeChris Mee and Louise Steel worked together on a publication about Cypriote collections. Papadopoulos 20231998
- Worked with Joanne Clarke
Recording and study
16 records- Published1
2016Louise Steel published this article analyzing social practices and material life at Aredhiou.
Excavation results and material from Aredhiou VouppesAredhiou VouppesSteel 2016, p. 511
- Studied10
1996Louise Steel examined Black-on-Red and local pottery samples using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry.
Black-on-Red pottery from Cyprus, modern Turkey and PalestineCyprus, modern Turkey and PalestineSchreiber 2003, p. xxviii
Steel examined the record of room 103 at Aredhiou using theoretical concepts concerning materiality, space, and embodiment.
Louise Steel studied the ceramic finds in the report.
Maroni TsaroukkasManning et al. 1998, p. 297
Louise Steel examined the material culture assemblage recovered during the intensive survey at Vouppes.
material culture assemblage recovered during intensive surveyArediou VouppesSteel & McCartney 2008, p. 9
Louise Steel researched material culture, especially pottery, of Bronze Age communities around the East Mediterranean.
material culture, in particular potterySteel 2013
Louise Steel was analyzing the pottery from Aredhiou.
Louise Steel focused her study on the Red Polished pottery assemblage from Marki Alonia.
Louise Steel studied examples of Red Lustrous arm-shaped vessels first-hand at Kalavasos.
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Louise Steel examined figurative vessels from Vounous Cemetery A to consider them from an aesthetic perspective.
14 large bowls and one basin adorned with modelled animals and animal head protomesBellapais Vounous Cemetery ASteel 2023, p. 196
Louise Steel examined settlement evidence through the survey and excavation results from Arediou Vouppes.
Arediou Vouppes (Lithosouros)Steel, p. 133
- Drew1
2016Louise Steel illustrated Red Polished pottery from Marki.
Red Polished pottery vesselsNo. P22430, P4372, P9609, P16280, P14117, P13568, P13705, P15666, P2910, P13854Steel 2016
- Employed by2
Louise Steel was a lecturer in Archaeology at the University of Wales, Lampeter.
Employed by University of Wales, LampeterSteel 2004
Louise Steel was Senior Lecturer in Mediterranean Archaeology at the University of Wales, Trinity Saint David.
Employed by University of Wales, Trinity Saint DavidSteel 2013
- Published material of1
L. Steel studied and published records of the British Museum archaeological expedition at Enkomi.
Published material of British Museum archaeological expedition at Enkomiexcavation diaries, preliminary reports and lettersGraziadio 2025, p. 238
- Other work1
Louise Steel ground grain with a saddle quern and rubber from Aredhiou.
Discussed in documents
- Gagné (2007). The Problem of Regional Variation of Mycenaean IIIC:1 Pottery: The View from CyprusWrote on imported pottery and elite display
- Knapp (2012). Matter of fact: Transcultural contacts in the Late Bronze Age eastern MediterraneanCited for interpretations of pottery and weaponry
- Cline (2014). 1177 B.C.: The Year Civilization CollapsedRead cultural change on Cyprus as merging
- Meyer and Knapp (2021). Resilient social actors in the transition from the Late Bronze to the Early Iron Age on CyprusStudied graves and pottery
- Recht and Morris (2021). Chariot kraters and horse–human relations in Late Bronze Age Greece and CyprusDiscussed gender in pictorial vase painting
On Ancient Cyprus
27 pages- A Cypriot Jar in the Mycenaean StyleArticle
- Houses for the GodsArticle
- Painted Again in the Middle CypriotArticle
- Shapes, a Field GuideArticle
- The First Pots of the Neolithic and ChalcolithicArticle
- The Red Wares of the Iron AgeArticle
- Vounous: the Bronze Age society we know only from its deadArticle
- Walls and WarArticle
- What Pots Were ForArticle
- BowlsCompendium
- Complex VesselsCompendium
- Dippers and LadlesCompendium
- Dishes and PlatesCompendium
- Faience in Ancient CyprusCompendium
- Food and Diet in Ancient CyprusCompendium
- From Bronze to Iron: Cypriot Pottery c. 1300–950 BCECompendium
- Gold, Silver, Tin, Arsenic and Iron in Ancient CyprusCompendium
- Jugs and JugletsCompendium
- Medicine and Healing in Ancient CyprusCompendium
- Mycenaean Imports and Local ImitationsCompendium
- Plants, Trees and Palms on Cypriot PotteryCompendium
- Proto-White Painted WareCompendium
- Red-on-White WareCompendium
- Tulip Bowls and Cult VesselsCompendium
- Ugarit and the LevantCompendium
- Village Life in Late Bronze Age CyprusCompendium
- Vounous and Early Bronze Age BurialCompendium
Sources
- 1.T. Kiely (2017). “Britain and the archaeology of Cyprus II: 1914 to the present day”. Cahiers du Centre d'Études Chypriotes 47, 253-310. Online
- 2.Louise Steel, Carole McCartney (2008). “Survey at Arediou Vouppes (Lithosouros), a Late Bronze Age Agricultural Settlement on Cyprus: A Preliminary Analysis of the Material Culture Assemblages”. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 351, 9-37.
- 3.L. Steel, S. Janes (2005). “Survey at Arediou-Vouppes, Cyprus”. Report of the Department of Antiquities, Cyprus, 231-244.
- 4.S. W. Manning, D. Collon, D. H. Conwell, H.-G. Jansen et al. (1994). “Tsaroukkas, Mycenaeans and Trade Project: preliminary report on the 1993 season”. Report of the Department of Antiquities, Cyprus, 83-106.
- 5.S. W. Manning, D. Bolger, M. J. Ponting, L. Steel et al. (1994). “Maroni Valley Archaeological Survey Project: preliminary report on 1992-1993 seasons”. Report of the Department of Antiquities, Cyprus, 345-367.
- 6.Louise Steel (1997-1998). “Archaeology in Cyprus 1987-1997”. Archaeological Reports 44, 137-149.
- 7.L. Steel (2001). “The British Museum and the invention of the Cypriot Late Bronze Age”. Cyprus in the 19th Century AD: Fact, Fancy and Fiction, 160-167. Oxford, Oxbow.
- 8.Veronica Tatton-Brown (ed.) (2001). Cyprus in the 19th Century AD: Fact, Fancy and Fiction. Oxford, Oxbow.
- 9.L. Steel (1994). “Pottery Production in Cyprus in the 11th Century B.C.”. Cyprus in the 11th Century B.C., 239-246. Nicosia, A. G. Leventis Foundation.
- 10.L. Steel (2004). Cyprus before History: From the Earliest Settlers to the End of the Bronze Age. London, Duckworth.
- 11.L. Steel (2013). “The social world of Early-Middle Bronze Age Cyprus: rethinking the Vounous Bowl”. Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 26, 51-73.
- 12.L. Steel (2016). “Kitchenalia in Bronze Age Cyprus”. Gastronomica 16, 79-90.
- 13.A. Le Brun (1997). Khirokitia: A Neolithic Site. Nicosia, Bank of Cyprus Cultural Foundation.
- 14.L. Steel (2018). “Another look at Red Lustrous arm-vessels”. Structures of Inequality on Bronze Age Cyprus: Studies in honour of Alison K. South. Nicosia, Astrom Editions.
- 15.Nicola Schreiber (2003). The Cypro-Phoenician Pottery of the Iron Age. Leiden, Brill.
- 16.Angelos Papadopoulos (2023). “The Study of Mycenaean Pottery from Cyprus: A Short Story of the 1895 British Museum Excavations at Site D, Kourion”. 169-.
- 17.Giampaolo Graziadio (2025). The Aegean and Cyprus: Interaction Between Two Distinct Cultural Mediterranean Areas from the Third Millennium to ca. 1200 BC.
- 18.L. Steel (2013). Materiality and Consumption in the Bronze Age Mediterranean. New York and Abingdon, Routledge.
- 19.L. Steel (2016). “Exploring Aredhiou: New Light on the Rural Communities of the Cypriot Hinterland During the Late Bronze Age”. American Journal of Archaeology 120, 511-536. Online
- 20.R. Laoutari (2022). “Review of All Things Cypriot: Studies on Ancient Environment, Technology, and Society in Honor of Stuart Swiny”. Levant 54, 285-286. Online
- 21.S. W. Manning, S. J. Monks, L. Steel, E. C. Ribeiro et al. (1998). “Late Cypriot tombs at Maroni Tsaroukkas, Cyprus”. Annual of the British School at Athens 93, 297-351.
- 22.Louise Steel (2023). “Exploring the aesthetic of Red Polished figurative art: the beautifully made... made beautiful”. Prehistoric Lifeways in Cyprus from the Early Holocene to the Middle Bronze Age. Nicosia, Astrom Editions.
- 23.L. Steel. “Exploring regional settlement on Cyprus in the Late Bronze Age: The rural hinterland”. Proceedings of the Workshop on Bronze Age Regionalism in Cyprus.