Museum staff · Foreman · Finder · Restorer / conservator
George Anastasiou
d. 1961 · Cyprus
Cyprus Museum attendant and later museum assistant who served as foreman for the Swedish Cyprus Expedition and for Dikaios at Vounous, Khirokitia and Sotira.
Biography
George Anastasiou was with Porphyrios Dikaios in February 1934 when the Neolithic settlement of Khirokitia was first noticed from the Nicosia-Limassol road and combed ware was found there2. An attendant at the Cyprus Museum, he is listed in the preface to the first volume of the Swedish Cyprus Expedition as "Jorkos Anastasiou", one of four museum attendants who served as foremen between 1927 and 19316. Stanley-Price thinks he was presumably the "George, one of the workmen from the Museum" who went with Rupert Gunnis to dig at Polis in 1927. A statement of 1936 against Gunnis, quoted by Stanley-Price, says that in 1929 Gunnis took the then Chief Attendant, George Anastasiou, with one or two policemen to open a tomb at night near the Swedish dig, and that the writer understood Gunnis to have given the attendant 10 pounds for payment of labourers4.
In 1931 and 1932 Dikaios used him as foreman and often as expert digger at Vounous-Bellapais1. John Hilton appointed him one of five assistants at the museum on 1 January 19355. Dikaios calls him his faithful companion in the search for prehistoric sites and in the discovery and excavation of Khirokitia, and says his experience of digging was a great asset2. With Dikaios he first reported Kalavasos-Tenta in 19407.
In 1947 he was foreman at the start of Dikaios's excavation at Sotira-Teppes and later reconstructed many of its vases. Dikaios's volume of 1961 refers to him as "the late Mr. George Anastasiou"3.
Life and work
- 1927Presumably the workman 'George' from the Museum who accompanied Gunnis in his digging at Polis tes Chrysochou (ancient Marion); Gunnis wrote a formal report
PolisStanley-Price 2025
- 1927–1931Named as one of the foremen of the Swedish Cyprus Expedition (Jorkos Anastasiou), attendants at the Cyprus Museum
- 1929Per a complaint against Gunnis (App. 1 section 5), Gunnis took the then Chief Attendant (George Anastasiou) and one or two policemen and secretly at night opened a tomb near the Swedish dig at Polis; the writer understood Gunnis gave the attendant 10 pounds 'for payment of labourers'. Stated as the complainant's understanding, not established fact
PolisStanley-Price 2025
- 1931–1932Foreman and in many cases expert digger for Dikaios at Vounous-Bellapais
BellapaisDikaios 1940
- February 1934Accompanied Dikaios when he spotted the Khirokitia settlement from the Nicosia-Limassol road and found combed ware; the same day combed ware was found at Sotira
KhirokitiaDikaios 1953
- 1934–1946Dikaios's 'faithful companion' in the search for prehistoric sites and in the discovery and excavation of Khirokitia; his digging experience a 'great asset'
KhirokitiaDikaios 1953
- 1 January 1935One of five assistants appointed by Hilton to the Cyprus Museum (with Lazaros Nicolaou, Loizos Vasiloi, Chrysostomos Paraskeva, Melis Georghiou)
- 1940With Dikaios first reported the site of Kalavasos-Tenta (Dikaios excavated it for about two weeks in 1947)
KalavasosTodd 1978
- 1945Reported the site Akanthou-Arkosyko (Tatlisu-Ciftlikduzu), recorded by the 1931 survey; Dikaios reported it in 1946
AkanthouŞevketoğlu 1998
- 1947Foreman at the beginning of Dikaios's Sotira-Teppes excavation for the Curium Expedition; later skilfully reconstructed many of the vases
SotiraDikaios 1961
Connections
8 peopleFieldwork & employment
- Employed by Einar Nilson Gjerstad1927–1931
- Employed by Rupert Forbes Gunnis1927–1929
- Employed by Porphyrios Dikaios1931–1947
- Employed by John Hilton1935
Colleagues & contacts
- Worked with Alexis Ioannouprobably1927
- Worked with Rupert Forbes Gunnisprobably1927–1929
- Worked with Porphyrios Dikaios1934–1946
- Worked with Loizos Vasiloi1935
- Connected with Michael H. Kattis1939
- Worked with Kakoulis Georghiou1947–1956
Sources
- 1.P. Dikaios (1940). “The Excavations at Vounous-Bellapais in Cyprus, 1931-2”. Archaeologia 88, 1-174.
- 2.P. Dikaios (1953). Khirokitia: Final Report on the Excavation of a Neolithic Settlement in Cyprus on Behalf of the Department of Antiquities, 1936-1946. Oxford, Oxford University Press.
- 3.P. Dikaios (1961). Sotira. Philadelphia, University Museum, University of Pennsylvania.
- 4.Nicholas Stanley-Price (2025). “Illicit excavation and the sale of 'duplicate' antiquities: Rupert Gunnis and the Cyprus Museum, 1926-1932”. Cahiers du Centre d'Études Chypriotes 55, 269-301. Online
- 5.Nicholas Stanley-Price (2025). “Colonial society and the dismissal of John Hilton, first Director of Antiquities in Cyprus”. Empire & Excavation: Critical perspectives on archaeology in British-period Cyprus, 1878-1960, 109-126.
- 6.E. Gjerstad, J. Lindros, E. Sjöqvist, A. Westholm (1934). The Swedish Cyprus Expedition: Finds and Results of the Excavations in Cyprus 1927-1931, Vol. I (text). Stockholm, The Swedish Cyprus Expedition.
- 7.Ian A. Todd (1978). “Vasilikos Valley Project: Second Preliminary Report, 1977”. Journal of Field Archaeology 5, 161-195. Online
- 8.Müge Hüseyin Şevketoğlu (1998). “Archaeological Field Survey of the Neolithic and Chalcolithic Settlement Sites in Kyrenia District, North Cyprus: Systematic Surface Collection and the Interpretation of Artefact Scatters”. PhD thesis, University of Edinburgh.
- 9.D. M. Metcalf (2009). Byzantine Cyprus 491-1191. Nicosia, Cyprus Research Centre.