Traveller / antiquarian · Patron · Donor · Photographer
Francis Henry Hill Guillemard
1852–1933 · United Kingdom
Cambridge ornithologist whose 1887 stay in Cyprus, and his report of continual discoveries "legitimate and illegitimate", prompted the Cyprus Exploration Fund.
Biography
Francis Henry Hill Guillemard (1852-1933), whom Ulbrich and Kiely describe as Reader in Geography at Cambridge2, spent a considerable part of the early months of 1887 in Cyprus, saw what the first-season narrative of the Cyprus Exploration Fund calls "continual discoveries, legitimate and illegitimate", and on his return pressed for an expedition4. Cambridge considered a grant from the Worts Fund and the Hellenic Society was sounded, while the High Commissioner, Henry Bulwer, had resolved to discountenance private exploration but offered help to recognised scientific bodies4. Marangou credits Guillemard with founding the Fund after counting the legal and illegal excavations11. The Fund was formed before the end of 1887 and worked at Old Paphos and other sites in the winter and spring of 18884.
His diary, now at CAARI in Nicosia, records that on 14 May 1887 at Kyrenia he met Samuel Brown and his wife1. Stanley-Price dates to 22 June 1887 a visit to the government "Museum" at Nicosia, where he bought four glass items and called it "a very poor place, nothing in it"3. He returned with E. A. Gardner about a month before the end of December 1887, and the two toured the west coast from Kyrenia to Amathus4.
In the Athenaeum of 14 April 1888 he argued that the perforated monoliths at Kouklia were parts of olive presses; David George Hogarth agreed, and thanked him for photographs8. In 1888 he gave the Fitzwilliam Museum items collected in 18872. Myres and Ohnefalsch-Richter note that finds taken by local people from the sanctuary at Mersineri went partly to the Fitzwilliam, "presented by Dr. F. H. H. Guillemard"10.
Life and work
- 1887Spent "a considerable time" in Cyprus in the early months of 1887, saw and heard "continual discoveries, legitimate and illegitimate" in the less known parts; on his return pressed the case for an expedition, so that Cambridge considered a Worts Travelling Bachelors Fund grant and the Hellenic Society was sounded. The High Commissioner had resolved to discountenance private exploration but would help recognised scientific bodies.
- 14 May 1887Diary: met Samuel Brown, the Government Engineer, and his wife at Kyrenia.
KyreniaKiely & Merrillees 2012
- 22 June 1887Diary: went to the "Museum" (the Government offices storing the antiquities), "where I bought four glass things. A very poor place, nothing in it."
NicosiaTatton-Brown 2001
- November–December 1887Returned with E. A. Gardner about a month before the end of December 1887; they travelled the western coast from Kyrenia to Amathus, being most impressed by Lapithos, Poli and Old Paphos; CEF formed late 1887 (committee meeting 3 November).
CyprusGardner et al. 1888
- 22 June 1888Per Kiely and Merrillees: called on Bulwer at Government House, discussing "Moufflon & digging anticas".
NicosiaKiely & Merrillees 2012
- 14 April 1888Athenaeum article proposing that the perforated monoliths of Paphos and elsewhere were olive-press uprights, not Jachin-and-Boaz pillars; Hogarth and he found over forty such stones.
- 1888Gave the Fitzwilliam Museum items collected on his 1887 visit, including (per Myres and Ohnefalsch-Richter) plundered finds from the Mersineri/Limnitis sanctuary; Ulbrich and Kiely: the gift of 1888 of items "that influenced the foundation of the CEF".
CambridgeUlbrich & Kiely 2012Myres & Ohnefalsch-Richter 1899
- 1888–1889Photographs by Guillemard (and R. Elsey Smith) reproduced in Hogarth's Devia Cypria (preface, pp. 47-49, 59, 65-66, 112).
- January 1888Published "Ornithological notes of a tour in Cyprus in 1887", The Ibis 6 (5th series) no. 21, pp. 94-124.
Connections
7 peopleColleagues & contacts
- Worked with David George Hogarth1887–1888
- Met Demetrios Pierides1887
- Worked with Ernest Arthur Gardner1887–1888
- Worked with H. B. Smith1887
- Met Henry Ernest Gascoyne Bulwer1887–1888
- Met Samuel Brown1887
- Met David George Hogarth1888
- Connected with Max Ohnefalsch-Richterpossibly
Objects
Four glass objects bought at the Government "Museum", Nicosia
22 June 1887Tatton-Brown 2001
On Ancient Cyprus
1 page- The Legal Export of Cypriot AntiquitiesCompendium
Sources
- 1.T. Kiely, R. S. Merrillees (2012). “The archaeological interests of Samuel Brown, government engineer, and his circle of acquaintances in late nineteenth-century Cyprus”. Cahiers du Centre d'Études Chypriotes 42, 245-272. Online
- 2.Anja Ulbrich, Thomas Kiely (2012). “Britain and the Archaeology of Cyprus. I. The long 19th century”. Cahiers du Centre d'Études Chypriotes 42. Online
- 3.Veronica Tatton-Brown (ed.) (2001). Cyprus in the 19th Century AD: Fact, Fancy and Fiction. Oxford, Oxbow.
- 4.E. A. Gardner, D. G. Hogarth, M. R. James, R. Elsey Smith (1888). “Excavations in Cyprus, 1887-88”. Journal of Hellenic Studies 9, 147-271.
- 5.T. Kiely (ed.), A. Reeve (ed.), L. Crewe (ed.) (2025). Empire & Excavation: Critical perspectives on archaeology in British-period Cyprus, 1878-1960. Leiden, Sidestone Press.
- 6.F. H. H. Guillemard (1888). “Ornithological notes of a tour in Cyprus in 1887”. The Ibis 6, 94-124.
- 7.F. H. H. Guillemard (1886). The cruise of the Marchesa to Kamschatka and New Guinea with notices of Formosa, Liu-Liu, and various islands of the Malay Archipelago. London, John Murray.
- 8.D. G. Hogarth (1889). Devia Cypria. London.
- 9.F. G. Maier (2004). Guide to Palaipaphos (Kouklia). Nicosia, Bank of Cyprus Cultural Foundation.
- 10.J. L. Myres, M. Ohnefalsch-Richter (1899). A Catalogue of the Cyprus Museum. Oxford, Clarendon Press.
- 11.A. G. Marangou (ed.) (2000). The Consul Luigi Palma di Cesnola 1832-1904: Life and Deeds.
- 12.T. Stylianou-Lambert, A. Bounia (2016). The Political Museum: Power, Conflict, and Identity in Cyprus.
- 13.Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge. “Fitzwilliam Museum online collection records”. Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge. Online
- 14.Elizabeth Sarah Goring (1983). “Late Cypriot Goldwork, vol. 1”. PhD thesis, Bedford College, University of London.