Photographer
George C. Cox
fl. 1880–1884
Photographer at the Metropolitan Museum who swore he saw the restorer re-engrave the Golgoi sarcophagus and testified for Feuardent in the 1883-84 libel trial against Cesnola.
Biography
George C. Cox was the museum photographer whose sworn statement placed him in the repair room beside the restorer. He was employed to take pictures at the Metropolitan Museum in New York, both for the museum authorities and for Osgood & Co., who were to publish an atlas of the collection1. While figures were prepared for photography he visited the repair shop daily, and he later described what he saw there: repairing, restoration and building up of pieces, and bronzes put through acid baths1. His employment dates are not recorded.
In 1881 Gaston Feuardent sent the museum's investigating committee a sworn statement by "Mr. Cox, the photographer of the Museum". It said that the hunting side of the Golgoi sarcophagus had been in pieces and repaired, that the added parts carried engraving, and that Cox "saw Mr. Baillard do part of the engraving"2. The museum's restorer was Charles Balliard. Feuardent reports that the committee, speaking through William Cowper Prime, first told him that "a wall two feet thick" kept Cox from seeing the work, and that Cox then forced himself before the committee and made Prime concede he had had access. According to Feuardent, the committee still found the charges "without the slightest foundation"2. This is Feuardent's account alone.
Cox testified in the 1883-84 libel trial that brought Feuardent and Luigi Palma di Cesnola into court. As The Art Amateur reported his evidence, he said he did not believe the committee's inquiry had been honest as regards Prime and Cesnola. He said Prime had led President Barnard to a statue with a ball in its hand and declared "on my word of honor as a man" that it was as taken from the earth, although Cox had seen it in the repair room the day before with its head off. He also said Prime declined his offer to show the committee the restorations he had seen1. The magazine's editorial supplement credits "a photograph by Cox on sale at the door" for the state of statue no. 393.
Life and work
- c. 1880Photographed the Cesnola collection in the Metropolitan Museum, both for the museum authorities and for Osgood & Co., who were to publish an atlas of it; while waiting for figures to be made ready he visited the repair room daily and saw repairing, restoration and building up in progress, and the bronzes put through acid baths (as reported of his trial testimony).
- c. 1880Reported to have seen a new stone leg made for Hercules, a new base for the bearded Venus (on which, the report says, Mr. Earl Shinn had found one finger too many; 'he called Di Cesnola's attention to this' and the extra finger was removed; Savage separately says he himself noticed the plaster finger and Balliard removed it by Cesnola's order), a red ribbon painted on the sphinx's neck and blue points on the sarcophagus, and figures cut with a graver by Balliard 'at his suggestion' to bring out the lines for photography (ambiguous: Cox's or Balliard's). The repair-room was kept locked; when Balliard was down-town Prime brought friends in, and Balliard had a new lock fitted.
- 1880–1884Committee of Investigation (trustees) decided Cox's charges were 'without the slightest foundation', according to Feuardent; W. C. Prime told Feuardent the committee was satisfied a 'wall two feet thick' prevented Cox from seeing the repair room. Feuardent says Cox then pressed himself before the committee and obliged Prime to confess Cox had access to the repair room. Prime also showed a statue to President Barnard of Columbia as 'just as it was taken from the earth' a day after Cox had seen it with its head off (Cox's testimony as reported).
- 1881Feuardent quoted Cox's sworn statement that the hunting-scene side of the Golgoi (Athienou) sarcophagus was in a number of pieces and had been repaired, with engraving on added parts, by Baillard, who wished Cox to photograph it; Cox said he saw Baillard do part of the engraving. Feuardent says he sent the statement to the Committee of Investigation.
New YorkFeuardent 1881
- October 1883 – January 1884Appeared as a witness for Feuardent in the libel trial: said he did not believe the committee's investigation was an honest one so far as Prime and Cesnola were concerned; said Prime had conducted President Barnard to the statue with a ball in its hand and told him 'on my word of honor as a man' that it was as taken from the earth, though the day before Cox had seen it in the repair-room with its head off; and that his offer to show the committee the restorations he had seen, including the sarcophagus, was declined by Prime.
- December 1883The editorial supplement shows statue no. 39 'as it now appears in the Metropolitan Museum in Central Park, as represented in a photograph by Cox on sale at the door', beside Cesnola's 1878 book and a Pach photograph of Fourteenth Street (1874-78).
- 1883–1884NamedWitness for the complainant (Feuardent) in the libel suit; the investigating committee had rejected his 1881 statement ('without the slightest foundation', as Feuardent reports).
Connections
5 peopleDisputes & the law
- Testified about Gaston Louis Feuardent1881–1884
- Testified about William Cowper Prime1881–1884
- Testified about Luigi Palma di Cesnola1883–1884
Colleagues & contacts
- Worked with Charles Balliard1880
- Connected with William Cowper Prime1880–1881
- Connected with Earl Shinn
Objects
Golgoi (Athienou) limestone sarcophagus, hunting-scene side; photographed by Cox after restoration
From GolgoiMetropolitan Museum of ArtFeuardent 1881
Sources
- 1. (1884). “The Feuardent-Cesnola Trial”. The Art Amateur 10, 55-56. Online
- 2.G. L. Feuardent (1881). “The Cesnola-Baillard Sarcophagus”. The Art Amateur 4, 113-114.
- 3. (1883). “The Feuardent-Cesnola Trial (Editorial Supplement)”. The Art Amateur 10, 4a-4b. Online