Foreman · Agent · Restorer / conservator
Lazaris Philippi
fl. 1878–1886 · Ottoman
Servant of Alessandro Palma di Cesnola who, by five workmen's accounts, employed the Enkomi diggers in 1878 and testified for the prosecution when his master was tried for digging without a licence.
Biography
In the autumn of 1878 the men digging at Enkomi said they worked for Lazaris Philippi, "the servant of Alessandro Palma di Cesnola". According to Stanley-Price, five workmen's statements agree that Lazaris employed them for about six months, at first some 60 men1. Alessandro Palma di Cesnola visited only occasionally; the last visit was about two months before the October arrests. Lazaris stopped the work on 2 October and kept the finds in a ruined house at Enkomi, borrowing the keys from its owner, Panagia Hadji Cristofi1.
On 4 October Lt E. Spencer seized pottery and glass at Enkomi1. At the trial Lazaris was the last of seven prosecution witnesses. He said he had not engaged the workmen, who came of their own accord, but confirmed that he rented the land and that his employer reimbursed him. Alessandro was fined 4 liras, which Wolseley remitted, and the antiquities were confiscated; Stanley-Price reports no charge against Lazaris1.
In 1886 Max Ohnefalsch-Richter wrote that in the Cyprus Museum at Nicosia "der Mann Lazari", the man he had earlier named as Alessandro's servant, had stuck the small heads and fragments of the Voni statues on plaster blocks, mostly wrongly, under the supervision of the museum's secretary, Lieutenant Sinclair. Ohnefalsch-Richter wrote that he had the work undone2.
Life and work
- c. April 1878 – 2 October 1878Employed the c. 60 Enkomi workmen who dug for his master Alessandro Palma di Cesnola for about six months before 2 Oct 1878; rented the land and was reimbursed by his employer; stored the finds in a ruined house at Enkomi whose keys were lent by Panagia Hadji Cristofi.
EnkomiStanley-Price 2018
- 2 October 1878Stopped the excavations at Enkomi on 2 Oct 1878, the day Achilleus Vondiziano reported the digging to the police.
EnkomiStanley-Price 2018
- 4 October 1878Lt E. Spencer, with three policemen, went to Enkomi (first to Ormidia to take a guide, a former servant of Alessandro's) and seized pottery and glass from Panagia's house; the workmen said they were working for Lazaris.
EnkomiStanley-Price 2018
- 1878Testified at Alessandro's trial as the last of seven prosecution witnesses. He maintained that he had not engaged workmen, who came of their own accord; asked by the kadi why money was spent digging rented land, he confirmed only that he rented the land and his employer reimbursed him. Alessandro was found guilty (fine of 4 liras, remitted by Wolseley, and confiscation of the seized antiquities). Lazaris himself was not charged in the account.
LarnacaStanley-Price 2018
- 1878NamedNamed at the trial as the servant who supervised the excavations; testified for the prosecution and was not himself tried according to Stanley-Price (2018).
- 1884–1886In Nicosia, 'der Mann Lazari (derselbe, den ich im Repertorium als Diener Alex. P. di Cesnola's erwähnte)' stuck the small heads and fragments of the Voni statues onto plaster blocks, mostly in the wrong position, and smeared fills over missing nose and chin pieces and put a head on a wrong body, under the supervision of the Museum's then secretary Lieutenant (now Captain) Sinclair, while Ohnefalsch-Richter was away excavating; Richter had the work undone. Ohnefalsch-Richter's description (1886).
Connections
10 peopleFieldwork & employment
- Employed by Alessandro (Alexander) Palma di Cesnola1878
- Employed Christodoulos Georgi1878
- Employed Christophi Andrea1878
- Employed Constantini Hadji Tochi1878
Disputes & the law
- Subject of testimony by Achilleus Vondiziano1878
- Subject of testimony by Johannes Kyriaki1878
Colleagues & contacts
- Connected with Achilleus Vondiziano1878
- Connected with E. Spencer1878
- Connected with Panagia Hadji Cristofi1878
- Worked with Hugh Sinclairprobably1884–1886
- Connected with Max Ohnefalsch-Richter1884–1886
Sources
- 1.Nicholas Stanley-Price (2018). “Illicit excavation: the trial of Alessandro Palma di Cesnola in Cyprus in 1878”. The Antiquaries Journal 98, 297-317.
- 2.M. Ohnefalsch-Richter (1886). “Das Museum und die Ausgrabungen auf Cypern seit 1878”. Repertorium für Kunstwissenschaft 9.
- 3.A. G. Marangou (ed.) (2000). The Consul Luigi Palma di Cesnola 1832-1904: Life and Deeds.