Colonial official

E. Spencer

fl. 1878 · United Kingdom

Lieutenant and Local Commandant of Police at Larnaca who raided Alessandro Palma di Cesnola's Enkomi dig and Ormidia house in October 1878 and testified at his trial.

Biography

On 4 October 1878 Lieutenant E. Spencer went to Enkomi with three policemen. Colonel George Greaves, the Government Chief Secretary, had ordered the Local Commandant of Police at Larnaca to go there and, if Alessandro Palma di Cesnola was or had recently been digging, to charge him under the Turkish antiquities law and bring the finds to Larnaca. The order followed reports from Achilleus Vondiziano of Ormidia, forwarded by Commissioner Henry G. White1. Only the initial E. is printed for him.

Spencer fetched a former servant of Cesnola's from Ormidia as guide and found the Enkomi cemetery emptied and mostly backfilled. The workmen told him they worked for Lazaris, and he sent some of them to Larnaca for sworn depositions. In Panagia's house he seized pottery and glass. On the way back he stopped at Ormidia and sealed a room of antiquities in Cesnola's house, where William Hepworth Dixon, a guest, is said to have "interfered with Lieutenant Spencer by words generally". On 11 October he returned, opened the sealed upstairs room, removed six basketsful and found another room downstairs full of pottery1.

At the trial in the Larnaca court, with White as Assessor and Henry Brackenbury as prosecutor, Spencer described his investigations at Enkomi and Ormidia and said that he had warned Cesnola but not arrested him. Cesnola was fined four liras, which was remitted, and the seized antiquities were confiscated1. Nothing further is recorded of Spencer.

Life and work

  1. 3 October 1878
    Ordered by Colonel George Greaves, Chief Secretary, to go with three policemen to Enkomi and, if Alessandro Palma di Cesnola had been excavating, to charge him under the Turkish antiquities law and bring the finds to Larnaca.

    EnkomiStanley-Price 2018

  2. 4 October 1878
    Went first to Ormidia for a former servant of Cesnola's to guide him, found a cemetery of emptied, mostly backfilled tombs at Enkomi, took sworn depositions from workmen who said they worked for Lazaris, sent some of the men to Larnaca, and seized pottery and glass from Panagia's house ('four big baskets, one small, and one pair of panniers').

    EnkomiStanley-Price 2018

  3. 5 October 1878
    On his way back from Enkomi stopped at Cesnola's house at Ormidia and sealed a room containing antiquities; William Hepworth Dixon, a guest, is said to have 'interfered with Lieutenant Spencer by words generally'. Spencer then reported to Commissioner White, who forwarded it to Greaves.

    OrmidiaStanley-Price 2018

  4. 11 October 1878
    Second visit to Ormidia: opened the sealed upstairs room and removed six baskets of antiquities; found another room downstairs full of pottery and other finds.

    OrmidiaStanley-Price 2018

  5. October 1878
    Witness for the prosecution (Brackenbury as prosecutor) at the Larnaca court trial of Alessandro Palma di Cesnola, describing his investigations at Enkomi and Ormidia; he had already testified that he warned Cesnola at Ormidia but did not arrest him.

    LarnacaStanley-Price 2018

  6. October 1878
    RulingNot a party: his seizure and testimony underpinned the case in which Alessandro Palma di Cesnola was found guilty under the 1874 antiquities law and fined four liras (remitted by Wolseley), with the Enkomi and Ormidia antiquities confiscated (Stanley-Price 2018).

    Stanley-Price 2018

Connections

5 people

Fieldwork & employment

Disputes & the law

Colleagues & contacts

Objects

  • Pottery and glass from the Enkomi house of Panagia (four big baskets, one small, one pair of panniers) and six baskets from Ormidia, seized from Alessandro Palma di Cesnola's excavations; the court later confiscated the antiquities seized at Enkomi and Ormidia.

    From EnkomiOctober 1878Stanley-Price 2018

Sources

  1. 1.Nicholas Stanley-Price (2018). “Illicit excavation: the trial of Alessandro Palma di Cesnola in Cyprus in 1878”. The Antiquaries Journal 98, 297-317.