Foreman · Excavator · Finder · Guide

Abraami Charalambos

fl. 1880–1894 · Ottoman

Stone-cutter of Dali, foreman to Ohnefalsch-Richter from 1883, said to have found the Reshef-Apollo sanctuary at Idalion that Hamilton Lang excavated.

Biography

Abraami Charalambos, a stone-cutter of Dali, is the man Max Ohnefalsch-Richter credited with finding the Reshef-Apollo temenos at Idalion that Robert Hamilton Lang later excavated. Ohnefalsch-Richter called him "the very reliable Abraami Charalamba, a Daliot, the finder of H. Lang's Resef-Apollo temenos", and said he had used him repeatedly since 1883 as foreman and overseer alongside Gregori Antoniou1. In a letter of 17 December 1888 he described him as a stone-cutter "when he is not employed in excavations" and as his foreman at Frangissa1. Ohnefalsch-Richter marked on his plan of Idalion an ancient well or cistern near Abraami's house, filled with images4.

In August 1887 Ohnefalsch-Richter, with Edward Carletti, surveyed the sanctuary and sent Abraami and a man called Michaili to try the hill Muti tou Avrili, on the line of the fortifications3. In November 1888 a find of capitals was attributed to him, among them pieces now in Nicosia; Masson and Hermary call it clandestine. Ohnefalsch-Richter, writing to Bulwer on 12 February 1889, said Abraami would not have dug there had he not been employed by him2,3.

In 1894, by Ohnefalsch-Richter's own account, Abraami, "already advanced in years", led his companions in secretly digging the first finds on the south edge of the acropolis and the votive stelai on the north edge. Capitals 8 to 11 of Masson and Hermary's list came from this digging; no. 8 was reportedly taken to the USA, and no. 9 entered the collection of Valentin Weisbach in Berlin and was given in 1898 to the Museum für Völkerkunde in Leipzig2. Ohnefalsch-Richter photographed him at the end of that season steadying a sphinx-topped stele with Kostis Kafedschis and Loiso Anastasi2.

Life and work

  1. 1883
    From 1883 Ohnefalsch-Richter used him repeatedly as foreman and overseer (Vorarbeiter und Aufseher), alongside Gregori Antoniou; he calls him 'the very reliable Abraami Charalamba'.

    CyprusBuchholz 1991, p. 4 n. 8

  2. August 1887
    Employed by Ohnefalsch-Richter, with a man called Michaili, to try the hill Muti tou Avrili (Moutti tou Arvili) at Idalion on the line of the fortifications and the boundaries of the temple enclosure ('spot 8'); Ohnefalsch-Richter says Abraami helped him as workman while he and Carletti did the trigonometrical survey, and that he learned through him that good building stones could still be found there.

    IdalionSchmid 2025Buchholz 1991, p. 4

  3. 1887
    Used as pioneer and guide for weeks by Ohnefalsch-Richter while mapping Idalion, and as workman at Dali ('the same man, Abraami, who has found Mr. Lang's sanctuary of Apollon Resef').

    DaliBuchholz 1991, p. 4Ohnefalsch-Richter 1893

  4. by 1888
    Found the Reshef-Apollo temenos at Idalion later dug by H. Lang, and the coin hoard made in it; described by Ohnefalsch-Richter in 1894 as 'the principal excavator of Dali' to whom Hamilton Lang owed his sanctuary and its coin find.

    IdalionMasson & Hermary 1988, p. 10Buchholz 1991, p. 4 n. 8

  5. November 1888
    Chance (clandestine, in Ohnefalsch-Richter's later account an unauthorised) find of the first Idalion capitals (nos. 1-3 of Masson-Hermary App. I, now Nicosia, formerly 6301-6303, C 228), published by Ohnefalsch-Richter in The Owl no. 8, 8 Dec 1888; the find prompted the Berlin Museums' application to dig at Dali.

    IdalionMasson & Hermary 1988, pp. 8-9, n. 26Schmid 2025

  6. 1894
    Led secret ('im Geheimen') digging with his companions on the Idalion acropolis: the first finds on the south edge and the votive stelai on the north edge. The capitals 8-11 of the Masson-Hermary list came from this clandestine digging: no. 8 reportedly taken to the USA (Philadelphia?), no. 9 to the collection of the patron Valentin Weisbach (Berlin), then given in 1898 to the Museum fuer Voelkerkunde, Leipzig.

    IdalionMasson & Hermary 1988, pp. 8-11

  7. 1894
    Photographed (fig. 11) at the end of the 1894 acropolis excavation in front of Ohnefalsch-Richter's tents, steadying the stele crowned by a sphinx beside Loiso Anastasi and Kostis Kafedschis.

    IdalionMasson & Hermary 1988, p. 11

Connections

5 people

Fieldwork & employment

Colleagues & contacts

Sources

  1. 1.Hans-Günter Buchholz (1991). “Tamassos-Phrangissa (1885)”. Cahiers du Centre d'Études Chypriotes 16, 3-15.
  2. 2.O. Masson, A. Hermary (1988). “Le voyage de Ludwig Ross à Chypre en 1845 et les antiquités chypriotes du Musée de Berlin”. Cahiers du Centre d'Études Chypriotes 9, 3-10. Online
  3. 3.Stephan G. Schmid (2025). “Was there an official German interest in the archaeology of Cyprus between 1878 and 1914?”. Empire & Excavation: Critical perspectives on archaeology in British-period Cyprus, 1878-1960, 69-92. Leiden, Sidestone Press.
  4. 4.Max Ohnefalsch-Richter (1893). Kypros, the Bible and Homer. London, Asher & Co.. Online