Scholar

John Lawrence Angel

1915–1986 · United States

American physical anthropologist who studied and reported on the human skeletons from Khirokitia, Sotira and Bamboula in Cyprus.

Biography

J. Lawrence Angel wrote the skeletal reports for three Cypriot excavations: Khirokitia, Sotira and the Bamboula cemetery at Kourion. He was born in England on 21 March 1915 to a sculptor father and an American classicist mother, took his AB and PhD at Harvard (1936, 1942), taught at Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia from 1943 to 1962, and then became curator of the Division of Physical Anthropology at the US National Museum of Natural History8. His obituary lists eleven field trips to the Near East between 1937 and 1978, concentrating on Greece, Cyprus and Turkey, without saying which went to Cyprus8.

In March and early May 1949 he studied the remains of 61 people from Late Bronze Age tombs 2 to 21 at Bamboula, excavated by John Franklin Daniel, and Hellenistic skeletons from Ayios Ermoyenis dug by George H. McFadden6. He later studied the 20 individuals from Jack L. Benson's Tomb 40 of 1956, and his full report appeared as Appendix B of Bamboula at Kourion in 1972, pages 148 to 1653. Porphyrios Dikaios thanked him for the study of the Khirokitia human remains, published in 1953 as Appendix II1,4. The series comprised 34 infants, 11 children, 39 male and 37 female adults and two of unknown sex, kept in the Cyprus Museum4. Eight skulls from Sotira were reassembled in his laboratory at Jefferson in 1955-56, after the University Museum arranged their shipment with Dikaios's consent, and he reported on them in Dikaios's Sotira of 19612,5.

Angel wrote that Bert Hodge Hill, Daniel and McFadden had aroused his interest in Cypriot skeletal material5. He died on 3 November 19868.

Life and work

  1. 1937–1978
    Field trips to the Near East (Greece, Cyprus, Turkey) in 1937-39, 1949, 1954, 1957, 1965, 1967, 1969, 1972, 1975, 1977, 1978 per the obituary; the obituary does not itemise which were in Cyprus.

    Hoyme 1988, p. 2

  2. March 1949
    In March and early May 1949 studied the remains of 61 people from Late Bronze Age (mainly LC III) tombs 2-21 at Bamboula, Episkopi (Kourion), excavated by J. F. Daniel; also remains from Hellenistic tombs at Ayios Ermoyenis (8 adults, 3 children) excavated by McFadden. Hjortsjö, who published part of the Bamboula skulls in 1959, is said by Angel to have mis-attributed them to McFadden.

    KourionBenson 1972

  3. 1953
    Wrote Appendix II, 'The Human Remains from Khirokitia', in Dikaios's Khirokitia report: 34 infants, 11 children, 39 male and 37 female adults, 2 of unknown sex; skeletons restored with polyvinyl acetate. Skeletons preserved in the Cyprus Museum. Thanked by Dikaios for 'studying the human remains and preparing a report'.

    Cyprus Museum, NicosiaDikaios 1953

  4. 1955–1956
    Eight Sotira (Teppes) skulls put together in his laboratory at Jefferson Medical College in the academic year 1955-56; shipment to Philadelphia arranged with Rainey and G. Roger Edwards of the University Museum, with Dikaios and Megaw's permission. Thanks Hill, Daniel and McFadden for arousing his interest in Cypriot skeletal material.

    PhiladelphiaDikaios 1961

  5. c. 1955
    At the Youngs' request examined the very fragmentary bones from the Votive Deposit of the Sanctuary of Apollo Hylates, Kourion: animal bone (bovine, sheep/goat), no human bone; quoted from a private communication.

    KourionYoung & Young 1955

  6. 1956–1958
    Studied bones from Tomb 40 (LC IIIa) at Bamboula, excavated 1956 by J. L. Benson (20 individuals); report prepared in Philadelphia 1956-1958 and revised 1966-67.

    PhiladelphiaBenson 1972

  7. 1972
    Appendix B, 'Late Bronze Age Cypriotes from Bamboula: the Skeletal Remains' (81 individuals), in Benson, Bamboula at Kourion (pp. 148-165).

    PhiladelphiaBenson 1972Karageorghis 1983, p. 269

Connections

13 people

Scholarship

Colleagues & contacts

On Ancient Cyprus

1 page

Sources

  1. 1.J. Lawrence Angel (1953). “The Human Remains from Khirokitia”. Khirokitia: Final Report on the Excavation of a Neolithic Settlement in Cyprus on behalf of the Department of Antiquities 1936-1946, 416-.
  2. 2.J. Lawrence Angel (1961). “Neolithic Crania from Sotira”. Sotira, 223-.
  3. 3.J. Lawrence Angel (1972). “Late Bronze Age Cypriotes from Bamboula: the Skeletal Remains”. Bamboula at Kourion: The Necropolis and the Finds, 148-165. Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press.
  4. 4.P. Dikaios (1953). Khirokitia: Final Report on the Excavation of a Neolithic Settlement in Cyprus on Behalf of the Department of Antiquities, 1936-1946. Oxford, Oxford University Press.
  5. 5.P. Dikaios (1961). Sotira. Philadelphia, University Museum, University of Pennsylvania.
  6. 6.J. L. Benson (1972). Bamboula at Kourion: The Necropolis and the Finds Excavated by J. F. Daniel. Philadelphia, University Museum, University of Pennsylvania.
  7. 7.John Howard Young, Suzanne Halstead Young (1955). Terracotta Figurines from Kourion in Cyprus. Philadelphia, University Museum, University of Pennsylvania.
  8. 8.Lucile E. St. Hoyme (1988). “Obituary: J. Lawrence Angel, 1915-1986”. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 75. Online
  9. 9.V. Karageorghis (1983). Palaepaphos-Skales: An Iron Age Cemetery in Cyprus.