Fortifications · Ancient Monument

The parts of the Fortifications, plots Nos. 244/2 to 244/34

Famagusta · In the area occupied by Turkey since 1974

The parts of the Fortifications, plots Nos. 244/2 to 244/34: a fortification in Famagusta, in the area occupied by Turkey since 1974. Declared an Ancient Monument in 1914. 5 dated records of work on it, 1948 to 1959, with sources.

SalamisEnkomi

Famagusta District, about 35°07′ N, 33°56′ E

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The pin marks the village of Famagusta, not the building. Approximate location. Open in the map →

Protection

Antiquities Law
  1. 30 June 1914

    Declared an Ancient Monument, No. 12432

    “The Fortifications, Famagusta”

    The Cyprus Gazette No. 1243 of 3 July 1914 (Notice No. 12432), p. 8580, PDF p. 202 Online

  2. 22 November 1933

    Declared an Ancient Monument, No. 1111

    “The Fortifications of Famagusta”

    The Cyprus Gazette Supplement No. 3 of 24 November 1933 (Notice No. 1111), p. 111, PDF p. 760 Online

  3. 10 May 1935
  4. 10 May 1935
  5. 24 February 1938

    Order under the Antiquities Law, No. 31, First Schedule, Famagusta item 34 (transferred from the Second Schedule, Famagusta item 4)

    “Such part of the Glacis of the fortifications of Famagusta as is situate on Government land (in addition to the part described in item 13)”

    Supplement No. 3 to The Cyprus Gazette No. 2636 of 25 February 1938, No. 31, The Antiquities Law, 1935: Order in Council No. 1775 made under section 6 (1) (made 24 February 1938), First Schedule, Famagusta item 34 (transferred from the Second Schedule, Famagusta item 4), p. 42 Online

  6. 8 December 1938

    Order under the Antiquities Law, No. 253, First Schedule, Famagusta item 36 (transferred from the Second Schedule, Famagusta item 4)

    “Such parts of the Glacis of the Fortifications of Famagusta as are situated on Government land (in addition to the parts described in items 18, 34 and 35)”

    Supplement No. 3 to The Cyprus Gazette No. 2693 of 16 December 1938, No. 253, The Antiquities Law, 1935: Order in Council No. 1827 made under section 6 (1) (made 8 December 1938), First Schedule, Famagusta item 36 (transferred from the Second Schedule, Famagusta item 4), p. 548 Online

  7. 6 February 1954

    Order under the Antiquities Law, No. 83, First Schedule, Famagusta item 13 (part)

    “such part of the ancient monument specified as item 4 of the Famagusta District in the Second Schedule (relating to the Glacis of Famagusta) as is marked "A" and edged blue on the Government Survey Plan Serial No. 1594”

    Supplement No. 3 to The Cyprus Gazette No. 3742 of 11 February 1954, No. 83, The Antiquities Law, Cap. 43: Order in Council No. 2666 made under section 6 (1) (made 6 February 1954), First Schedule, Famagusta item 13 (part), p. 75 Online

  8. 1956

    Acquired by the Government

    Colonial Office Cyprus Report 1956; 1957; 1958 1956, p. 87, PDF p. 270 Online

  9. 26 May 1956
  10. 13 October 1958

    Order under the Antiquities Law, No. 786, First Schedule, Famagusta item 51

    “Such parts of the glacis of the fortifications of Famagusta as are situate on Government land in addition to those described under items 13, 34, 35, 36 and 44 of this part of this Schedule.”

    Supplement No. 3 to The Cyprus Gazette No. 4180 (1958), No. 786, Antiquities Law, Cap. 43: Order in Council No. 3037 made under section 6 (1) (made 13 October 1958), First Schedule, Famagusta item 51, pp. 787–791 Online

What was done when

6 records
  1. 1948

    Good progress was made with the repair of damage caused to the fortifications during military occupation, towards which the War Department had given £2,800.

    Repair and conservation

    As printed

    “good progress was made with the repair of damage caused to the fortifications during military occupation”

    Colonial Office, Annual Report on Cyprus for the Year 1948 (London: HMSO, 1949), p. 43

  2. 1949

    The repair of damage caused to the fortifications while in military occupation during the war was nearly completed.

    Repair and conservation

    As printed

    “repair of damage caused to the fortifications while in military occupation during the war was nearly completed”

    Colonial Office, Report on Cyprus for the Year 1949 (London: HMSO, 1950), p. 46

  3. 1950

    The repair of damage caused by military occupation during the war was completed.

    Repair and conservation

    As printed

    “the fortifications of Famagusta, where the repair of damage caused by military occupation during the war was completed”

    Colonial Office, Report on Cyprus for the Year 1950 (London: HMSO, 1951), p. 53

  4. 1957

    The treatment of the badly damaged curtain wall between the Jambulat and Campo Santo Bastions was completed, the first stage of a campaign financed from development funds to put the fortifications into a better state of repair.

    Repair and conservation

    As printed

    “the treatment of the badly damaged curtain wall between the Jambulat and Campo Santo Bastions was completed”

    Colonial Office, Cyprus: Report for the Year 1957 (London: HMSO, 1958), p. 87

  5. 1959

    Breaches in the cavaliers on the south ramparts, and in one by the Martinengo bastion, were made good; retaining walls were built or improved along the earth embankments of the south and west ramparts; and the eroded ramp to the top of the Diamante tower was paved.

    Repair and conservation

    As printed

    “At Famagusta breaches in the cavaliers on the south ramparts”

    Colonial Office, Cyprus: Report for the Year 1959 (London: HMSO, 1961), p. 86

  6. Undated

    Built by the Lusignans and restored by the Venetians; 50 ft high and 27 ft thick, roughly square in shape; two main gates, Sea Gate and Land Gate.

    Repair and conservation

    As printed

    “The walls, built by the Lusignans and restored by the Venetians, 50 ft. in height and 27 ft. thick, are more or less square in shape.”

    F.S.M., "Famagusta", Cyprus Today vol. 3, no. 5-6 (September–December 1965), pp. 6–7, p. 6.

In the literature

3
  1. 1955

    Listed among monuments in immediate danger of destruction; part of fortification wall near Famagusta Gate destroyed by Turkish terrorists 1955-1959.

    As printed

    “part of the fortification Wall near Famagusta Gate.”

    Anon., "[untitled]", Cyprus Today vol. 2, no. 2 (March–April 1964), supplement, p. 5.

  2. Undated

    Medieval walls which to this day completely encircle Famagusta; the author recalls them as an imposing silhouette seen on approach.

    As printed

    “the imposing silhouette of the medieval walls, which to this day completely encircle Famagusta”

    M. Kouma, "The entrance to the town", Cyprus Today vol. 20, no. 2 (May–August 1982), pp. 31–32, p. 31.

  3. Undated

    Venetians fortified the walls of Famagusta after the Turkish invasion threat.

    As printed

    “In light of the Turkish invasion the Venetians built new walls around Nicosia and fortified the walls of Famagusta.”

    Lefki Michaelidou, "Cartography of the Venetians", Cyprus Today vol. 44, no. 4 (October–December 2006), pp. 40–45, p. 43.

Pictures

6

In our archive · 3

British School at Athens1 photograph1888
  • British School at Athens, Archive, BSA SPHS Image Collection, BSA SPHS/1/0428.1801, «Cyprus, Salamis: The Rampart and Moat», 1888 Online
Costas and Rita Severis Foundation1 painting1888
  • Centre of Visual Arts and Research (CVAR), Costas and Rita Severis Foundation, Nicosia, online catalogue: pht_00771, “Famagusta Gate leading to Varocha”, ca. 1918, ; pht_01106, “Walls of Famagusta”, ca. 1930, https://cvar.severis.org/en/collections/item/walls-of-famagusta/7706/; PNT-00020, “Mount Macheras; Tower at Pyla; Lang's villa at Pyla; Famagusta view of the ramparts; landing place at Larnaca”, 1888, https://cvar.severis.org/en/collections/item/mount-macheras-tower-at-pyla-langs-villa-at-pyla-famagusta-view-of-the-ramparts-landing-place-at-larnaca/4376/ Online
The National Archives, Kew1 photograph1906
  • The National Archives, Kew, CO 1069/696, CO 1069-696-11, «Famagusta Harbour - Cyprus. View of Harbour Entrance from S.E. Bastion taken 2nd May 1906», 02 May 1906, The National Archives on Flickr Commons, 1906-05-02 Online

Sources

  1. 1.Supplement No. 1 to The Cyprus Gazette No. 2441 of 10 May 1935, A Bill entitled A Law to consolidate and amend the Law relating to Antiquities [the Antiquities Law, 1935], Second Schedule, District of Famagusta, item 5, p. 328, PDF p. 348 Online
  2. 2.Supplement No. 3 to The Cyprus Gazette No. 2693 of 16 December 1938, No. 253, The Antiquities Law, 1935: Order in Council No. 1827 made under section 6 (1) (made 8 December 1938), First Schedule, Famagusta item 36 (transferred from the Second Schedule, Famagusta item 4), p. 548 Online
  3. 3.The Cyprus Gazette Supplement No. 3 of 24 November 1933 (Notice No. 1111), p. 111, PDF p. 760 Online
  4. 4.Colonial Office Cyprus Report 1956; 1957; 1958 1956, p. 87, PDF p. 270 Online
  5. 5.Supplement No. 3 to The Cyprus Gazette No. 3742 of 11 February 1954, No. 83, The Antiquities Law, Cap. 43: Order in Council No. 2666 made under section 6 (1) (made 6 February 1954), First Schedule, Famagusta item 13 (part), p. 75 Online
  6. 6.Supplement No. 3 to The Cyprus Gazette No. 3948 of 30 May 1956, No. 433, The Antiquities Law, Cap. 43: Order in Council No. 2835 made under section 6 (1) (made 26 May 1956), First Schedule, Famagusta item 44, p. 393 Online
  7. 7.Supplement No. 3 to The Cyprus Gazette No. 2636 of 25 February 1938, No. 31, The Antiquities Law, 1935: Order in Council No. 1775 made under section 6 (1) (made 24 February 1938), First Schedule, Famagusta item 34 (transferred from the Second Schedule, Famagusta item 4), p. 42 Online
  8. 8.Supplement No. 1 to The Cyprus Gazette No. 2441 of 10 May 1935, A Bill entitled A Law to consolidate and amend the Law relating to Antiquities [the Antiquities Law, 1935], First Schedule, District of Famagusta, item 13, p. 326, PDF p. 346 Online
  9. 9.The Cyprus Gazette No. 1243 of 3 July 1914 (Notice No. 12432), p. 8580, PDF p. 202 Online
  10. 10.Supplement No. 3 to The Cyprus Gazette No. 4180 (1958), No. 786, Antiquities Law, Cap. 43: Order in Council No. 3037 made under section 6 (1) (made 13 October 1958), First Schedule, Famagusta item 51, pp. 787–791 Online
  11. 11.The National Archives, Kew, CO 1069/694, CO 1069-694-7, «Famagusta. From the Armoury», 1900-1910, The National Archives on Flickr Commons Online
  12. 12.The National Archives, Kew, CO 1069/701, CO 1069-701-10, «Famagusta sea wall», 1930-1939, The National Archives on Flickr Commons Online
  13. 13.The National Archives, Kew, CO 1069/696, CO 1069-696-11, «Famagusta Harbour - Cyprus. View of Harbour Entrance from S.E. Bastion taken 2nd May 1906», 02 May 1906, The National Archives on Flickr Commons Online
  14. 14.Wellcome Collection, London, 18998i, «Famagusta: ruins and the town wall», 1878 Online
  15. 15.British School at Athens, Archive, BSA SPHS Image Collection, BSA SPHS/1/0428.1801, «Cyprus, Salamis: The Rampart and Moat», 1888 Online
  16. 16.Centre of Visual Arts and Research (CVAR), Costas and Rita Severis Foundation, Nicosia, online catalogue: pht_00771, “Famagusta Gate leading to Varocha”, ca. 1918, ; pht_01106, “Walls of Famagusta”, ca. 1930, https://cvar.severis.org/en/collections/item/walls-of-famagusta/7706/; PNT-00020, “Mount Macheras; Tower at Pyla; Lang's villa at Pyla; Famagusta view of the ramparts; landing place at Larnaca”, 1888, https://cvar.severis.org/en/collections/item/mount-macheras-tower-at-pyla-langs-villa-at-pyla-famagusta-view-of-the-ramparts-landing-place-at-larnaca/4376/ Online
  17. 17.Centre of Visual Arts and Research (CVAR), Costas and Rita Severis Foundation, Nicosia, online catalogue: pht_00767, “Walls of Famgusta”, ca. 1918 Online
  18. 18.Cyprus Broadcasting Corporation (ΡΙΚ), film and video archive, Digital Herodotus item 3776: «ΠΥΛΗ ΑΜΜΟΧΩΣΤΟΥ - ΒΡΑΒΕΥΣΗ ΑΠΟ EUROPA NOSTRA SLEEVELESS PILLAR - AWARD FROM EUROPA NOSTRA», 17 April 1984, 00:15:28 Online
  19. 19.Claude Delaval Cobham, Excerpta Cypria: Materials for a History of Cyprus (1908), p. 138 (scan 156)
  20. 20.Sir J. T. Hutchinson and Claude Delaval Cobham, A Handbook of Cyprus (1907), p. 48 (scan 72)
  21. 21.Ludwig Salvator, Archduke of Austria, Levkosia, die Hauptstadt von Cypern (1873), scan p. 13
  22. 22.Colonial Office, Annual Report on Cyprus for the Year 1948 (London: HMSO, 1949), p. 43
  23. 23.Colonial Office, Report on Cyprus for the Year 1949 (London: HMSO, 1950), p. 46
  24. 24.Anon., "[untitled]", Cyprus Today vol. 2, no. 2 (March–April 1964), supplement, p. 5.
  25. 25.M. Kouma, "The entrance to the town", Cyprus Today vol. 20, no. 2 (May–August 1982), pp. 31–32, p. 31.
  26. 26.Colonial Office, Report on Cyprus for the Year 1950 (London: HMSO, 1951), p. 53
  27. 27.F.S.M., "Famagusta", Cyprus Today vol. 3, no. 5-6 (September–December 1965), pp. 6–7, p. 6.
  28. 28.Lefki Michaelidou, "Cartography of the Venetians", Cyprus Today vol. 44, no. 4 (October–December 2006), pp. 40–45, p. 43.
  29. 29.Colonial Office, Cyprus: Report for the Year 1957 (London: HMSO, 1958), p. 87
  30. 30.Colonial Office, Cyprus: Report for the Year 1959 (London: HMSO, 1961), p. 86

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