Ancient CyprusAncient Cyprus
Nitovikla Reconsidered, scan 1

Book·1992·English

Nitovikla Reconsidered

Gunnel Hult

248 scanned pages, each shown beside its printed text, with 61 pages of plates and figures.

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Nitovikla Reconsidered (Stockholm 1992) is Gunnel Hult's re-examination of the Bronze Age fortress of Nitovikla in the Karpas peninsula, published as Medelhavsmuseet Memoir 8. Erik Sjöqvist excavated the fortress for the Swedish Cyprus Expedition in 1929 and dated its four building periods from Middle Cypriote III to Late Cypriote I. Hult worked from the drawings and pottery kept at the Medelhavsmuseet.

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In her abstract Hult places a pre-fortress settlement (Period I) in Late Cypriote IA–B, dates the first fortress (Period IIA) to Late Cypriote IB, with use into Late Cypriote IIA, and has it rebuilt twice (Periods IIIA–B) before it was deserted, probably in Late Cypriote IIB. A floor the excavator had assigned to Period IIIA proved to be a Roman threshing floor.

The book covers architecture and stratification, the pottery and chronology of each part of the fortress, statistical comparison with other sites and tombs, and the wares, before final chapters on chronology, function, the origin of the inhabitants and Nitovikla's place in Bronze Age Cyprus. A pottery catalogue and R. Larje's appendix on the animal bones follow.

Sources

  • Hult, G. 1992. Nitovikla Reconsidered (Medelhavsmuseet Memoir 8). Stockholm: Medelhavsmuseet, abstract and Contents, pp. 4–5.

Contents

As printed in the book, with its page numbers

  1. Acknowledgementsp. 7
  2. Abbreviationsp. 8
  3. Terminologyp. 9
  4. Absolute chronology for the relevant Bronze Age periodsp. 11
  5. Introductionp. 13
  6. Problemp. 14
  7. Architecture and stratificationp. 16
  8. Trench Ip. 17
  9. Trench IIp. 17
  10. Trench IIIp. 18
  11. The Kitchenp. 18
  12. Conclusionp. 18
  13. Pottery and chronologyp. 20
  14. Trench Ip. 22
  15. Pre-period Ip. 22
  16. Period Ip. 24
  17. Period I and the building time of the period IIA floorp. 24
  18. Period I (disturbed layers)p. 25
  19. Periods IIA-Bp. 25
  20. Periods (I-)IIA-B and later periodsp. 26
  21. Periods IIIA-Bp. 28
  22. The surface and the uppermost layer(s)p. 29
  23. Trench IIp. 30
  24. Trench IIIp. 30
  25. The Gateway and the Northern Entrance Towerp. 31
  26. The Cisternp. 32
  27. Trench outside the Gatewayp. 32
  28. The Kitchenp. 32
  29. The west corner of the fortressp. 33
  30. The Western Casematesp. 34
  31. The Northern Casemates and the northern part of the fortressp. 34
  32. The eastern part of the fortressp. 34
  33. The southern part of the fortressp. 34
  34. Conclusionp. 35
  35. Comparative statistical evidencep. 36
  36. Fortresses, sanctuaries, and settlementsp. 37
  37. Introductionp. 37
  38. Comparison according to subperiodsp. 37
  39. Comparison with Ayios Iakovos Dhima in (MC-)LCp. 42
  40. Conclusionp. 43
  41. Tombsp. 43
  42. Comparison according to subperiodsp. 44
  43. Conclusionp. 47
  44. The pottery wares: summarized descriptionp. 48
  45. Base-ringp. 48
  46. Bichrome Hand-madep. 49
  47. Bichrome Wheel-madep. 49
  48. Bichrome (and White Painted) Wheel-madep. 51
  49. Black Lustrous Wheel-madep. 52
  50. Black Slip Hand-madep. 52
  51. Black Slip (III)Vp. 53
  52. Black Slip (Reserved Slip)p. 54
  53. Black Slip Wheel-madep. 54
  54. Coarse Monochromep. 55
  55. Cooking-potp. 55
  56. Late Minoanp. 56
  57. Monochromep. 56
  58. Plain Hand-made and Pithosp. 57
  59. I. Collective group (groups II-VI excluded)p. 57
  60. II. Grass-wiped warep. 58
  61. III. White-gritty thin pithos warep. 59
  62. IV. Normally small pithoi, probably short-necked or without neckp. 60
  63. V. Long-necked, normally large pithoi with sloping lip on straight neckp. 62
  64. VI. Odd fragments in pithos warep. 63
  65. Plain Wheel-madep. 63
  66. Red-on-Black, decorated frsp. 64
  67. Red-on-Black, undecorated frs (and Black Slip Hand-made)p. 65
  68. Red-on-Red, decorated frsp. 66
  69. Red-on-Red, undecorated frs (and Red Slip Hand-made)p. 66
  70. Red Slip Hand-madep. 67
  71. Red Slip (Reserved Slip)p. 67
  72. Red Slip Wheel-madep. 68
  73. White Painted Hand-madep. 68
  74. White Painted Wheel-madep. 69
  75. White Slipp. 70
  76. Latep. 70
  77. Final discussion and conclusionsp. 73
  78. Chronologyp. 73
  79. Functionp. 74
  80. Ethnic origin of the inhabitants of the fortressp. 75
  81. The role of Nitovikla in the Bronze Age history of Cyprusp. 75
  82. Final wordsp. 76
  83. Pottery cataloguep. 77
  84. Trench Ip. 77
  85. Trench IIp. 106
  86. Trench IIIp. 110
  87. The Gateway and the Northern Entrance Towerp. 113
  88. The Cisternp. 116
  89. Trench outside the Gatewayp. 117
  90. The Kitchenp. 118
  91. The Western Casemates and the west corner of the fortressp. 124
  92. The Northern Casematesp. 133
  93. The eastern part of the fortressp. 138
  94. The south-east corner and the southern part of the fortressp. 139
  95. The northern part of the fortressp. 142
  96. Other findsp. 151
  97. Bibliographyp. 152
  98. Lists of tables and illustrations, with a key to Figs. 1–48p. 154
  99. List of tablesp. 154
  100. List of illustrationsp. 154
  101. Key to Figs. 1–48p. 154
  102. Box numbers and designationsp. 163
  103. Appendix: Bone report by Rita Larjep. 166
  104. Tables and illustrationsp. 176

Plates and figures

61 pages with pictures, in scan order

  1. scan 1
  2. p. 40
  3. p. 154
  4. p. 155
  5. p. 156
  6. p. 157
  7. p. 158
  8. p. 159
  9. p. 160
  10. p. 161
  11. p. 167
  12. p. 168
  13. p. 170
  14. p. 171
  15. p. 172
  16. p. 173
  17. p. 176
  18. p. 177
  19. p. 178
  20. p. 180
  21. p. 182
  22. p. 184
  23. p. 186
  24. p. 188

And:p. 189p. 190p. 191p. 192p. 193scan 198scan 202scan 203scan 205scan 206scan 207scan 208scan 209scan 210scan 211scan 212scan 213scan 214scan 215scan 216scan 217scan 218scan 219scan 220scan 221scan 222scan 223scan 224scan 225scan 226scan 227scan 228scan 229scan 230scan 231scan 232scan 233

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The whole book

Short
Hult 1992.
Full
Gunnel Hult, Nitovikla Reconsidered (1992). Scan: Medelhavsmuseet, Stockholm, Public domain (CC0). The Archive, ancientcyprus.com, https://www.ancientcyprus.com/archive/hult-nitovikla-reconsidered-1992 (accessed [date]).
BibTeX
@book{hult-nitovikla-reconsidered-1992, author = {Gunnel Hult}, title = {{Nitovikla Reconsidered}}, year = {1992}, note = {scan Medelhavsmuseet, Stockholm, Public domain (CC0)}, url = {https://www.ancientcyprus.com/archive/hult-nitovikla-reconsidered-1992} }

A page

Short
Hult 1992, p. 10.
Full
Gunnel Hult, Nitovikla Reconsidered (1992), p. 10 [scan 14]. Scan: Medelhavsmuseet, Stockholm, Public domain (CC0). The Archive, ancientcyprus.com, https://www.ancientcyprus.com/archive/hult-nitovikla-reconsidered-1992/p/14 (accessed [date]).